Review Article comparative analysis of english and uzbek expressions relating to family

Keywords: family, oila, lingual culture, family relations, national-cultural specifics, expression, idiom.

© 2019 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.05.141

INTRODUCTION

Family in the English lingual culture is comprehended as two parents and their children who live in one place under one roof. But we should note that the word «family» is polysemantic and has several meanings [3, p. 261]. In Collins Dictionary of the English Language this lexeme is interpreted as «a group of people with kindred relations, mostly parents and their children» [1, p. 75].

Oxford English Dictionary gives the following explanation to the word “family”: «a group of people which consists of parents and their children who live together» [5, p. 89].

The word “family” is translated into Uzbek as “oila”. This word is a national concept in the Uzbek lingual culture. There is even such motto: Oila muqaddas which means “family is sacred”. Uzbek people respect family and family traditions with a special care.

In the English language a married person is called a man of family. This expression is also used to nominate a noble person, so called “blue blood”. In the Uzbek language there is an expression “oilali odam (or inson, kishi)” which denotes a married man or woman.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In linguistics we know the term a family of languages - languages which belong to one group due to similarities in grammatical, structural, lexical and morphological features. Thus, the English language belongs to the family of German languages; as for Uzbek - it belongs to the family of Turkic languages. The same linguistic term is used in Uzbek: tillar oilasi - family of languages.

In English people's speech there can be heard the word combination family circle - members of family for celebrating holidays, birthday parties and anniversaries. Most of well-to-to Englishmen have their family estate and family jewels which are passed to their children and grandchildren in future. English people respect and preserve their family tree, which is added by new generation. The expression family likeness (or alikeness) - the same family name, is popular in English because it is frequently met among people.

Usually English families have their close family friend(s), with whom they communicate, share secrets and ask advice. Uzbek people also have oila do'stlari - family friends who often visit and have close friendly relations with each other.

In modern English medicine there is a frequently used notion family planning - the control of birth of new generation, planning of family. English families don't intend to have many children, in comparison with Uzbek people. In case when English woman has three or more babies she gets family allowance - special material allowance. Uzbek families usually don't have family planning, they prefer to have many kids in a family. The usual number of children in one family is 3-4.

It should be noted that both English and Uzbek languages are rich and high due to culture of utterance. That's why a lot of euphemisms are used in these languages instead of rude, strong in semantics words and phrases. Thus, a pregnant woman in English is nominated by the following euphemisms: to be in the family way, to be in a delicate (interesting) condition; to be an expectant mother; to wait for a baby and others. Uzbek euphemisms for a pregnant woman: ikkiqat bo'lmog, boshqorong'i bo'lmoq, bo'yida bor.

English phraseology is rich in units with the component word family: family hotel; a family joke; in and out family - members of one family who work in one place; first families - first residents, noble men. The phrase fresh blood - denotes new members of family and points at kindred relationship. There is a famous English proverb Blood is thicker than water which means that relatives are closer than other people.

The expression happy family can be used in modern English ironically due to a family with any negative features [2, p. 309]. In Uzbek we have translation bahtli oila - happy family.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

There are many good and decent families in English society, they are called good family - in Uzbek: yahshi oila. When a husband and wife divorce they are called broken family. It's a pity but the number of such events is increasing in the whole world.

Usually man is the head of the family - in Uzbek: oila boshi. Other people in the family are called members of family - in Uzbek: oila a'zolari. For discussing and salvation of family problems and tasks they usually gather family council.

The head of the family has a responsibility to feed a family; to clothe a family; to support a family. All this depends on family budget. In Uzbek mentality it is very significant for a man to be able to support and feed his family: oilani boqmoq.

In English society there are several types of family. One of them is nuclear family, which consists only of parents and their children. This is the most popular type of families in English society. Sometimes there is also extended family which includes other relatives besides parents and their children, e.g. grandmother, grandfather, uncle, aunt, etc. After divorce of spouses there appears lone-parent (or single-parent) family.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK EXPRESSIONS RELATING TO FAMILY

As for Uzbek families they are not classified into these types. Uzbek families can be either katta oila - large family or kichik oila - small family. But large families are prevailing in Uzbek society because they have many children and they prefer to live together due to their national mentality.

The English idiom to start a family means to create a family and foster children, to raise a family means “to breed up children, to take care of children”. In Uzbek culture the

expression “oila qurmoq” (to create a family) is very popular and when their children get the age of 20-21, parents start to think over this.

The word family, as it was mentioned before, has got several meanings, one of them is used in biology: rose family and zoology: cat family.

The word combination family (or marital) status - in Uzbek: oilaviy ahvol points at information whether a person has a family or not. In official style the word spouse is used for nominating a husband or a wife. Marital status of a married woman can be identified by expression towards her husband: one's good lady - wife [4, p. 55].

The specific tradition for English families is keeping a special family book which is called family Bible, where people record family members' dates of birth, marriage and death.

CONCLUSION

The analysis has demonstrated that the English lexeme «family» and Uzbek word “oila” are often used in both languages; being one of the components of phrases and expressions they can denote various notions, phenomena and objects of surrounding world. Some expressions are equal in meaning, but some of them are not: nuclear family, family Bible. These differences are usual because English and Uzbek languages have their own national-cultural specifics of comprehension of the concept “family” and family relations.

REFERENCES

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   Collins Dictionary of the English Language. Ed. by L. Urdang, P. Hanks, Th. H. Long. London; Glasgow: Collins, 1999. - XXXV, 1690 P.
   
2. 
   Kunin A.V. English-Russian phraseological dictionary.
   

Moscow, 1967. Volume I - 738 P.; Volume II - 739-1264 P.

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   Muller V.K. English-Russian dictionary. Moscow, 1990.
   

848 P.

4. 
   Nasrullaeva N.Z. The formation of gender concepts in the English and Uzbek phraseological world vision. Abstract of doctoral dissertation. Tashkent, 2018. 70 P.
   
5. 
   The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999. Vol.1-12. 10 989 P.
   

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