Republic of uzbekistan ministry of higher and secondary education samarkand state institute of foreign languages faculty: «Theory and Practice of Translation»

REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND SECONDARY EDUCATION
SAMARKAND STATE INSTITUTE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Faculty: «Theory and Practice of Translation»



Topic: The Noun: Grammatical Categories of the Noun.
Done:

3-course 310-group

Munisa Barnayeva
Checked:

Farruh Sattorov

Samarkand 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………..3
I CHAPTER. NAME (THE NOUN) AS PART OF SPEECH
1.1. GENERAL ...............................................................................................4
1.2. CATEGORY NUMBER OF NAMES..................................................... 15
CHAPTER II. DIFFICULTIES OF TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH
2.1 ESSENCE OF TRANSLATION AND FEATURES OF TRANSLATION TRANSFORMATIONS ………………………………………………………...20
2.2. ANALYSIS OF EXAMPLES OF NON-TRANSLATION IN ARTistic TEXTS ………………………………………………………………………...…25
CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………..31
LIST OF REFERENCES ………………………………………………………32

INTRODUCTION
Already in ancient times, people paid attention to the fact that the words that they used in their native language behave differently in speech. Some words name objects, others - actions, processes, and others - qualities, properties of objects. Some words are inclined in cases, others are changed in faces and tenses, etc.

These observations, which were noted by the ancient Indian and ancient Greek grammarians, gave them a basis for distinguishing two distinctly expressed categories of words - a name and a verb. Aristotle (384-322 BC) distinguished three parts of speech - names, verbs and conjunctions.

Modern English in its structure is an analytical language, i.e. has such a grammatical structure in which the connection of words in a sentence is expressed mainly by the order of words and by means of official words - prepositions and conjunctions. But Old English was a synthetic language, i.e. a language in which the connection of words in a sentence is expressed mainly by changing the words themselves. In Old English, a system of inflectional forms was developed: nouns had a developed declension system and a category of grammatical gender, adjectives were consistent with nouns in gender, number and case, verbs had special forms to express a perfect and imperfect kind, etc. These processes were found in the language reflection in the works of A.I.Smirnitsky, I.P. Ivanova, V.N.Yartseva and other scientists.

Changes in the meaning of words did not occur spontaneously. They were subject to certain laws that developed depending on the specific historical conditions for the development of the production and any other activities of the people and on the connections of old and new concepts that arose in the national consciousness of the people, as a reflection of real historical relations.

The purpose of this course work - to study the position of the noun in modern, including literary, English.

The tasks include:

1) to define the noun as part of speech in the English language;

2) consider the categories of number, gender, case;

3) to study the basic approaches to the classification of nouns;

4) determine the basic functions of nouns in English;

5) show the features of the translation of nouns from English into Russian on the material of literary texts.