Relationship between culture and language in linguistics

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURE AND LANGUAGE IN LINGUISTICS
Mukhamedova M.A.
1- year Master’s degree student
Faculty of Foreign philology
Scientific supervisor: PhD Nazirova Sh.O.


ABSTRACT
It is known to everybody that culture and language are strongly interconnected. The relation between them is debatable and several questions pop up in the mind when you try to understand how the language and culture are linked with each other. Do you know whether culture came first or language? What is the difference between them? Can one of them exist without the other? For foreign language learners, where true cultural intricacies and understandings are situated well beyond the textbook, an understanding of language assumes a very different form. While it is possible to separate language and culture, one has to question the validity and implications such separation brings. This paper introduces the concepts of language and culture,their relationships in linguistics.
Key words: language, culture, emplicit, intercultural communication ,language education, methodology
INTRODUCTION
The phrase, language is culture and culture is language is often mentioned when language and culture are discussed. It’s because the two have a homologous although complex relationship. Language and culture developed together and influenced each other as they evolved.An understanding of the relationship between language and culture is essential for language learners, users and for all those involved in language education [1]. For a direct understanding of the relationship between language and culture, it is better to get familiar with their definitions first of all. The word "culture" derives from a French term, which in turn derives from the Latin "colere," which means to tend to the earth and grow, or cultivation and nurture, according to Arthur Asa Berger. "It shares its etymology with a number of other words related to actively fostering growth," De Rossi said. A culture is a way of life of a group of people-the behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next. Culture is symbolic communication[ 10 ].Some of its symbols include a group's skills, knowledge, attitudes, values, and motives . Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiments in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values; culture systems may, on the one hand, be considered as products of action, on the other hand, as conditioning influences upon further action. Language is a system of conventional spoken, manual (signed), or written symbols by means of which human beings, as members of a social group and participants in its culture, express themselves. The functions of language include communication, the expression of identity, play, imaginative expression and emotional release [11].
Communication is a core component of any society and language is an important aspect of that. As language began to develop, different cultural communities put together collective understandings through sounds. Over time, these sounds and their implied meanings became commonplace and language was formed. Intercultural communication is a symbolic process whereby social reality is constructed, maintained, repaired and transformed. As people with different cultural backgrounds interact, one of the most difficult barriers they face is that of language.
Language and culture are interlinked and you cannot learn one of these without having a clear understanding of the other. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, language is linked to all the human-life aspects in society, and understanding of the surrounding culture plays an important role in learning a foreign language. Culture influences the language that is spoken within its constraints as a society, such as how certain words are used in support of the culture. It's through language that members of a specific culture communicate with each other and create bonds with each other. Language, and some aspects of culture, are at the tip of the iceberg, the part you see above the water. Yet, the majority of what forms the iceberg, culture, hides below the surface.Another analogy for the relationship between language and culture is that of a person.Language is the flesh and culture is the blood. You put the two together and you have a whole person. However, one without the other results in death.Linguist Ken Hale from Massachusetts Institute of Technology agreed, “When you lose a language, a large part of the culture goes, too, because much of that culture is encoded in the language.”Culture influences our values, traditions and methods of interaction while language facilitates those interactions.Language allows you to interact and culture tells you how to do so correctly.
To confirm this assumption we studied the effects of language on culture using a lot of internet resources and books. This paper clarifies the concepts of language and culture moreover correlationships between these aspects in linguistics . In the last part of the paper, the implications of such a relationship are discussed .