Reflection of the emotional world of a person in english praseological units dissertation

The list of references contains a list of those works that have been studied and used to develop a methodology for the study of phraseological units with the meaning of a person's emotional state, while indicating not only theoretical, but also lexicographic sources.


Chapter 1
“THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE STUDY OF HRASEOLOGICAL UNITS CHARACTERIZING THE EMOTIONAL STATE OF A PERSON”

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   Modern directions of linguistic research of emotionality
   

Phraseology (from Greek φράσις phrasis, "way of speaking" and -λογία -logia, "study of") is a scholarly approach to language which developed in the twentieth century. In linguistics, phraseology is the study of set or fixed expressions, such as idioms, phrasal verbs, and other types of multi-word lexical units (often collectively referred to as phrasemes), in which the component parts of the expression take on a meaning more specific than or otherwise not predictable from the sum of their meanings when used independently.
Linguistic research of today is characterized by addressing such problems, the solution of which takes into account the active interaction of a person with objective reality, when the process of cognition of the world is associated with its subjective assessment and is reflected in language. It is the trinity of "the real world - human consciousness - language" that is taken into account in research on ethnolinguistics and sociolinguistics, linguistics and linguoculturology, psycholinguistics and linguopaleontology. The very name of the disciplines indicates thatmodern linguistic research affects the spheres of related sciences and, as it were, has a contaminated character.
It seems important to pay attention to the fact that language can be considered as a form of consciousness reflecting the worldview of the people. And then the statement that "language is an integral part of culture, the main instrument of its assimilation, the carrier of specific features of the national mentality" (I.G.Olshansky.2000,26). Target setting linguoculturology for the study of "the relationship and interaction of culture and language in its functioning" (V.V.Vorobyov. 1994.26) brings it to the category of complex scientific disciplines that contribute to the presentation of the linguistic picture of the world. And so it turns out to be significant that the linguistic picture of the world correlates in the consciousness of the subject "with explicit and mplicit models and patterns adopted in this culture" (R.M.Frumkina. 2003.86). And although the process of realizing the world and embodying it in language is peculiar to all peoples, but "every culture has its own model of the world", and it is only then "can be seen through the prism of a non-native language, if you can find the appropriate "key" to it (R.M.Frumkina, 2003.87). This was largely facilitated by the program of the Australian researcher Anna Vezhbitskaya, who proceeded from the fact that representatives of different cultures may have different ideas about some realities and, accordingly, complete and or incomplete knowledge of the meaning of even ordinary words A.Vezhbitskaya, 1996). By introducing the term "concept" into scientific use, A.Vezhbitskaya, on the one hand, allowed to distract from the term "concept" accepted in logic, on the other hand, laid the foundations of a promising direction related to conceptualization (search for meaning) and categorization (generalization) language facts.
Currently, the term "concept" is understood ambiguously, because, having an interdisciplinary nature, it has received an expanded and complicated understanding. Considering the question of the role of language in constructing a conceptual picture of the world, R.I. Pavlenis adheres to a logical and philosophical approach in solving the problem of meaning and states that "information about the actual or possible state of things in the world is
what we call "meaning" or "concept" (R.I. Pavlenis. 1983. 102).
Based on the cultural-mental-linguistic essence of the concept, Yu. S. Stepanov defines it as "a clot of culture in a person's mind, that in the form of which culture enters the mental world of a person, that bundle of ideas, concepts, knowledge, associations that accompanies the word. Unlike concepts, concepts are not only thought, they are experienced. They are the subject of emotions, likes and dislikes, and sometimes clashes" (Yu.S.Stepanov. 1997. 49).
When Assigning a text-centric function to the concept, L.N.Murzin defends the idea that language is a system of embodying cultural values, and each word is nothing but a "collapsed text" (L.N.Murzin. 1996.10).
The appeal to the concept of A.A.Zalevskaya is connected with the idea of using the language and understanding of the text when the functional properties are investigated language in general mental processes, and then the concept is defined as " a basic perceptual-cognitive-affective formation of a dynamic nature that spontaneously functions in the cognitive and communicative activity of an individual, obeying the laws of human mental activity"(A.A.Zalevskaya.2001.90).
Likhachev considers the concept from the point of view of its functions and possibilities of "co-creation, speculation, "pre-fantasizing", when "responses to the previous linguistic experience of a person as a whole arise in a person's mind - poetic, prosaic, scientific, social, historical, etc." (D.S.Likhachev. 1993.5).
The problem of concepts in relation to the understanding of the depth and imagery of literary texts is considered in the studies of the dU.Ashurova, where the author develops the idea that, being used in a work of art, words not only denote the meaning of a separate linguistic unit, but can express more general conceptual
information concerning a part of the text or the entire text, i.e. , the justification for the need to analyze the onceptual structure of the elements of a literary text is actually made (D.U.Ashurova. 2004.15).
There are already many works where the problem of the concept is solved in theory (R.M.Frumkina. 1992, E.S.Kubryakova. 1995, V.I.Karasik. 1996, Y. M. Lotman. 1996, V.N.Telia. 1996), methodical (E.M.Vereshchagin, V. G. Kostomarov. 1983, E.O.Oparina. 1999, R.D.Safaryan. 2002), applied aspect (B.K.Ayazbayeva. 2000, V.A.Lukin. 2003, S.N.Plotnikova. 2003, G.V.Tokareva. 2003, O.N.Parshina. 2004).
In the aspect of our research, the appeal to the conceptual theory of obu is due to the fact that consideration of phraseological units of the English language is unthinkable without taking into account the peculiarities of reflecting the culture of the people in them, the originality of mentality, that universal and national experience, which is deterministic in concepts. In our study, we adhere to the point of view of V.N.Telia that phraseological units should be considered in the "context of culture, with the mindset that the media languages and cultures have a certain level of cultural and linguistic competence, and therefore are able to identify culturally significant attitudes in linguistic entities, correlate them with a particular thesaurus and a set of cultural codes (V.N.Telia.1999.23). The merit of V.N.Telia and his followers can be represented as the development of a scientific
and conceptual framework of linguoculturology, the collection and processing of ethnocultural material, the creation of new types of phraseological dictionaries. The following is especially important for us, because when establishing the features of the English phraseological units that characterize the emotional state
of a person, we fully focused on presenting them in different types of dictionaries, from purely translational to conceptual and conceptual, where stable units are not just interpreted, but also provided with information of a linguistic and cultural nature.
If for the Russian language in the work of Yu.S.Stepanov "constants. Dictionary of Russian Culture" (1997) presents the main concepts and provides examples of operating with these concepts, then there is a great need to present concepts reflecting the specifics of spiritual culture in English phraseological units. We are sure that the mental world of a person, and above all his emotional state, should be described from the standpoint of linguoculturology, since referring to the conceptsof "excitement", "anger", "joy", "irritation" and others will help to present the peculiarities of perception of the surrounding world and oneself in it.
However, it has to be stated that at the previous stagesof the development of the theory of emotions, emotional assessments and emotionalstates, the methodology of an interdisciplinary approach,a contaminated vision of the problem was not used, but attempts were made to explain the essence of the emotional from the standpoint of psychology or linguistics. Psychologists considered emotional assessment as the initial one in the construction of the image of the world, depending on the power of thinking and affect (D.N.Uznadze, E.Y.Artemyeva, V.F.Petrenko, etc.), and linguists understood emotional assessment as an optional component of linguistic meaning, while feelings were considered in the peculiarities of their expression by linguistic means (E.Y.Myagkova) But already in the 70-80 years, when developing issues related to speech activity, the psychology of assimilation, the problems of language learning, a number of interesting thoughts were expressed, allowing us to judge a new vision of language problems and their solution in a psycholinguistic way (A.N.Leontiev, 1982, N.K.Obukhovsky. 972, V.G.Kostomarov., O.D. Mitrofanova. 1976, I.A.Zimnaya. 1973 and others). Even "pure" linguists cannot do without mentioning various kinds of semantic associations, which are understood "as a linguistic and psychological reality" (I.I.Slesareva. 1980,49).
An important role in the development of theories related to the category of emotionality was played by the research of V.I.Shakhovsky, who justified
the regularity of approaches to emotions as a psychological category and to
emotives as language categories, when the scientist emphasized that emotivity "acts as a stimulus for the emotionality of the speaker" (V.I.Shakhovsky. 987.150). Such a vision of the problem of emotionality served to further develop psycholinguistic problems and to affirm the idea of a specific connection of mental
experiences with the methods of language construction (I.A.Zimnaya, C.A.Sukhoi,
H.D.Kulishova). The works are considered significant V.K.Vilyunas (1976), K.Izard (2000), E.L.Nosenko (1981) and others, where emotions are considered as a mental reflection in the form of direct, biased experience of life meaning,
phenomena, situations, due to the relationship of their objective properties to
the needs of the subject, necessary for the acquisition of individual experience.
More and more often in modern works, the idea is expressed that the problem of emotionality should be solved taking into account the human factor in language, since "the emotional world of a person is reflected in the linguistic picture of the world, as evidenced by the diversity language means designed to denote and express emotions" (I.V.Ospanova. 2001.6). Such scientists as V.I.Shakhovsky, A.A.Ufimtseva, D.N.Shmelev, L.M.Vasiliev, V.I.Bolotov and others contributed to the development of the theory of emotivity. Their categorization of emotives allowed us to substantiate the uniqueness of emotive vocabulary by the nature of the manifestation (positive and negative), by the degree and intensity of expression (from sadness to despair, from surprise to delight, etc.), by the duration and brightness of the manifestation (surprise and admiration, discontent and anger), etc. Young researchers attempted to characterize the emotive by different of various kinds of associations (classes, thematic groups, lexico-semantic groups, etc.) and also showed the ability to describe the features of classified emotives L.G.Babenko. 1989, T.V.Adamchuk. 1996, PS.Volkov. 1997, E.Y.Myagkova. 2000, I.P.Pavlyuchko. 1999, N.B. Shvelidze. 1997, K.M.Shilikhina. 1999 and many others). Based on the study of literature on the problems of emotionality , it can be considered that there is a clear interest in the study of emotives and consideration of their positions of the linguistic picture of the world, when psycholinguistic and linguoculturological approaches provide a lot of valuable information about a person's contact with the surrounding world, evaluating him and himself in it through specially adapted conceptual means.

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