МуғаллиМ ҳәМ үзликсиз билиМлендириў 45 Najimova G.B teacher,Karakalpak State University elmuratovaZ.Kh teacher,Nukus State Pedagogical Institute TYpES Of liSTENiNG AcTiViTiES iN TEAcHiNG ENGliSH Таянчсўзлар: тил, тинглаш, топшириқ, алоқа, тушинмоқ, маъно, хотира,
боскич, суҳбат, матн.
Ключевые слова: язык, слушание,задание, связь, понимать, значение, память,
этап, беседа, текст
Key words: language, listening, task, communication, understand, meaning, memory,
stage, conversation, text.
Listening is an act of interpreting speech that one receives through the ears. Hearing is an act
of receiving the language through the ears without interpretation. Listening is a communicative
skill to get the meaning from what we hear. People listen in order to re¬member what they hear
verbally or for the sake of meaning retention. They listen in order to evaluate critically what
they hear or to give sup¬portive empathy. They can derive aesthetic pleasure from what they
hear or produce listener’s feedback.
Spoken language is generally recognized by a combination of bottom- up and top-down
processing. Bottom-up processing is driven by what the listener hears. Top-down processing
is driven by the ideas that are ready in the listener’s head. [3: 137]
The process of listening consists of three distinct stages. In the first stage what we hear
goes into the sensory store called «echoic memory» and is organized into meaningful units. At
this stage the listener does not have much time to sort out the information. The second stage
is the processing of information by the «short-term memory». This is also a brief stage lasting
some seconds and the purpose of it is to blend the meaningful units together into one single
unit of text comprehension. Once the message has been grasped, the exact wording is of no
more importance and is obliterated from memory (some listeners can remember particular
wording for a very long time though). The third stage is the transfer of information to the
«long-term memory» to be used either after listening as the «listener’s response» or later at an
appropriate moment.
Task:Listen to the following bits of telephone conversation. In each case choose the only
reasonable (possible) variant of the missing cue. Then you and your partner should act each
piece out from memory.
E.g.: «What relatives is she staying with?»
«It must be hard on her - having no one of her own age to talk to.»
(If I am not mistaken, she’s staying with; a) her uncle and his daughters; b) her married
sister; c) her aunt and uncle; d) her grandmother and some cousins). [2:131]
We can distinguish two broad types of listening:
1. One-way listening—typically associated with the transfer ofinformation (transactional
listening).
2. Two-way listening—typically associated with maintaining socialrelations (interactional
listening).
We can distinguish traditional, conventional views of listening frommore contemporary
views. Traditionally, listening was associated withtransmission of information, that is with
one-way listening. This can beseen in the extensive use of monologues in older listening
materials.A monologue (one-speaker language performance) can be of the «spoken» and
«written» type. Listening to spoken and written monologues makes a difference. Written texts