Reading passages

272 -The word "unfettered" probably means ---- .
A) being held as a slave by another country 

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B) being forced to march from one place to another 
C) traumatic historic circumstances 
D) the colonisation of a nation by a stronger one 
E) to be set free from some control or restraint 
273 -The author states that ---- .
A) all will be well for Africa now that the colonial 
powers have departed 
B) the British and the French should never have left 
Africa 
C) Africans had to struggle hard for their 
independence 
D) Africa's history provides a firm foundation for 
the steady growth of its nations 
E) most nations in Africa are still ruled by European 
countries 
For hundreds of years, the nomadic Sami reindeer 
herders of Sweden have taken their animals to the 
lowland snow forests over winter and spent the 
summer in the high Arctic. However, the timber 
companies are now excluding them from their winter 
grazing. The animals survive the cold and snow by 
grazing on tree lichens, but the forest owners claim 
that the reindeer damage their property by breaking 
the tops off the young trees, and are using the courts 
to try to evict them. The Sami community, on the 
other hand, say that every village has its own forest 
areas where they have been taking their reindeer for 
hundreds of years, since before the settlers arrived 
from the south. However, the Sami have no written 
language and cannot prove their rights in court as 
they have no documents. 
274 -The conflict described in the passage ---- .
A) has been building up over many hundreds of 
years and has now reached a peak 
B) has arisen between the traditional inhabitants of 
the area and the timber industry 
C) could be avoided if the Sami were prepared to 
remain in their native land 
D) is about the Sami's use of certain mountain 
forests which they do not own 
E) has only recently arisen because of ecological 
changes in the disputed area