Culture and Power in Colonial Turkestan Adeeb k halid abstract



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Culture and Power in Colonial Turkestan
Adeeb K
HALID
Abstract
This article seeks to define the ways in which Turkestan was colonial. It then lo-
cates the Jadids, modernist Muslim intellectuals of the early twentieth century, in this
colonial context. Turkestani Jadidism arose in a colonial society, and was deeply
marked by it. Finally, this article investigates the points of overlap and intersection
between the cultural programme of the Jadids and the “civilising mission” the Russians
professed to uphold. The key vector to be analysed here is that of 
exclusion
– the colo-
nial order was built on the exclusion of the native population of Turkestan from the
imperial mainstream. The Jadids sought to overcome this exclusion; they sought not
separation from, but 
inclusion
into the imperial polity. In the colonial order, this desire
for inclusion was highly subversive, and provoked a great deal of hostility on the part
of imperial authorities.
Keywords
:
Colonialism, Jadidism, Education, Russian-native schools, 
Inorodcy
,
Pan-Islamism, Islam.
Résumé
Cet article cherche à définir les voies par lesquelles le Turkestan a été colonial. Il
place les djadids, intellectuels musulmans modernistes du début du 
XX
e
siècle, dans le
contexte colonial en soulignant que le djadidisme turkestanais apparu dans ce cadre a
été très profondément marqué par ce dernier. Cet article exploite finalement les points
communs et les discordances entre le programme culturel des djadids et la « mission
civilisatrice» que les Russes ont défendue à l’égard du pays. Le point-clef analysé ici
est celui de l’exclusion: l’ordre colonial a été en effet construit en excluant la popula-
tion native du Turkestan du courant principal de la vie de l’empire. Les djadids ont
projeté de surmonter cette exclusion en mettant l’accent non sur la séparation de
Adeeb K
HALID
is professor of history at Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota. A specialist on the his-
tory of modern Central Asia, he is the author of two books
The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform
:
Jadidism
in Central Asia
(Berkeley, 1998), and 
Islam after Communism
:
Religion and Politics in Central Asia
(Berke-
ley, 2007), and numerous scholarly articles. He is currently working on a book on the transformation of
Central Asia in the early Soviet period. akhalid@carleton.edu


414
Adeeb K
HALID
cette politique impériale, mais sur l’insertion dans le système. Dans le contexte
colonial, un tel désir d’intégration était fort mal venu et provoqua l’hostilité des au-
torités impériales.

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