Reading: Best cities of young people Grammar: Past Perfect Tense Speaking: Travelling Vocabulary: Cities and travelling Homework: Doing exercises

LESSON 2

Reading: Best cities of young people Grammar: Past Perfect Tense Speaking: Travelling Vocabulary: Cities and travelling Homework: Doing exercises

LITERATURE

1. Boqiyeva G.H., Rashidova F.M. va boshqalar. Scale up. Student’s book. Course 1,2,3. – T.: G‘afur G‘ulom, 2015 2. Boqiyeva G.H., Rashidova F.M. va boshqalar. Scale up. Workbook. Course 1,2,3. – T.: G‘afur G‘ulom, 2015 3. www.tahasoni.com Ebrahim Tahasone “Master IELTS speaking” 4. Teacher Created. Resources Robert W. Smith “Nonfiction reading” 5. English in topics.Toshkеnt. Qaldirg`och. 2008. 6. English grammar and vocabulary. Michael Vince. 2011. 7. Raymond Murphy. Essential Grammar in Use. –Cambridge University press, 1990. 8. Keep in Touch. Matthew Barclay, Gulbakhor Ibragimova, Yayra Abduraimova Tashkent 2005

Reading part: Best cities



Writing part: Read the email. Why the Kristina writing? What information does she want to know?






Grammar part: Past Perfect Tense






Ўтган тугалланган замоннинг ишлатилиши
1. Past Perfect ўтган замонда бирор вақтдан олдин тамом бўлган иш-харакатларни ифодалайди. Ўтган замондаги бу вақт қўйидагича берилиши мумкин:
a) by 5 o’clock соат бешгача, by Saturday шанбагача by the 15^th of December 15 декабргача, by the end of the year йилнинг охиригача, by that time ўша вақтгача ва бошқа вақт кўрсаткичлари билан:
We had translated the article by fi ve o’clock. Биз соат 5гача мақолани таржима қилиб бўлдик. We had shipped the goods by that time.Ўша вақтгача биз молларни юклаб бўлган эдик.
By the end of the year we had learnt to speak French. Йилнинг охиригача биз французчани гапиришга ўргандик.
b) Simple Past билан ифодалаган ўтган замондаги иккинчи бир иш-харакати билан:
They had shipped the goods when your telegram arrived. Сизнинг телеграммангиз келганда , улар юкларни юклаб бўлган эдилар.
We had not reached the station when it began to rain.
Ёмғир ёға бошлаганда биз станцияга етиб борган эдик.
С) Иш-харакат содир бўлган вақт Past Perfect ишлатилган гапда эмас, бошқа гапда ҳам бўлиши мумкин:
As I was going to the station, it began to rain. Fortunately, I had taken an umbrella and (had) put on a coat. Станцияга борар эканман ёмғир ёға бошлади .Бахтимга соябон олган эканман ва пальто кийганман экан.
I received a letter from my brother yesterday. I had not heard from him for a long time.
Мен кеча акамдан хат олдим. Мен ундан кўпдан буён хат хабар олмаган эдим.
2. Икки ва ундан ортиқ олдинма кетин содир бўлган иш-харакат содир бўлиш тартибида баён қилинса ҳаммасида Simple Past ишлатилади:
He came home late in the evening. He had supper, read newspaper and went to bed.
У уйига кеч келди. Кечки овқатни йеди, газета ўқиди ва ухлагани ётди.


3. after – дан кейин билан боғланган эргаш гапда Past Perfect ишлатилади:
After the sun had set, we decided to return home.
Қуёш ботгандан кейин биз уйга қайтишга қарор қилдик.
After the cases had been counted, I left the warehouse.
Қутилар санаб бўлгандан кейин мен омбордан чиқдим.
А) Икки иш-харакатни бири бошқасидан олдин содир бўлганлигини таъкидлаш зарурати бўлмаганда after ишлатилган гапда ҳам Simple Past ишлатилади.
After he turned off the light, he left the room.Чироқни ўчиргач у хонадан чиқди.
After he signed the letter, he asked the secretary to send it off.
Хатни имзолагандан кейин у котибага хатни жўнатиб юборишини айтди.
4. Hardly, scarcely, no sooner равишлари бўлган қўшма гапларнинг бош гапида Past Perfect ва эргаш гапида Simple Past ишлатилади:
He had hardly (scarcely) entered the house, when it started to rain.
Ёмғир ёға бошлаганда у уйига аранг кириб олган эди.
No sooner had he arrived, than he fell ill.У етиб келар келмас касал бўлиб қолди.
EXERCISE 1


Follow the example.
1. I forgot to water her flowers. Afterwards I admitted it admitted that had forgotten to water her flowers,
2. He stole the diamond ring. Afterwards he admitted it.
3. She made an important discovery. Afterwards she explained it.
4. He was very rude to me. Afterwards I complained.
5. He fell in love with her. Afterwards he told her father about that
6. He smoked all my cigars. Afterwards he told me about that.


Speaking part: Travelling

• 
  Do you prefer travelling by yourself or with other?
  
• 
  What is a good travel porter?
  
• 
  What are the advantages and disadvantages or air travel?
  
• 
  Why do some people enjoy travelling?
  
• 
  What can make travelling difficult?