Part 2 - Economic Performance 2017 - 2020
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15), producer prices decreased in the second
quarter of 2020 by a negative 44%, but it
continued to rise with the rise in energy prices
until it reached 102% in October 2021.
Box 2-1: Concepts and terms for the theoretical framework for prices and indices
Consumer and product price statistics and their indicators are among the most important
means of diagnosing economic conditions for policy-making and planning, but the most
important of them is the consumer price index due to its relationship to family expenses and
cost of living, through which the monthly inflation rate is monitored. Inflation is a compound
phenomenon that results from several factors (seasonal changes (social, weather and
climate), economic policy changes, and geopolitical variables), and it may occur in a
creeping manner, that is, it
takes a gradual, upward and hidden form in the short, medium
and long term, or comes in a form Hyper Inflation, meaning that prices increase at very high
rates within a short period of time.
Therefore, when analysing it, it is necessary to monitor the dynamic variables, not only
prices, but the change in people's tastes and the availability of options
to purchase goods of
various prices and quality. In terms of potential sources of inflation, they may be (1)
Imported Inflation resulting from the rise in the prices of imported goods, which is reflected in
the rise in the prices of final domestic products in the event that they are
input goods, or an
increase in the prices of final consumer goods, (2) Demand Pull Inflation, which results from
an increase in effective aggregate demand in light of a stagnation of aggregate supply, (3)
Cost Push Inflation, which results from an increase in the cost of production factors by a
greater percentage than marginal production, which requires policies that reduce production
costs .
According to international
standards, there are a number of mathematical equations that are
used in the synthesis of index numbers, the most important of which are Laspeyres,
Paasche, and Fisher in between, all of which use prices, quantities
and weights for
quantities in the base year, and the equations vary according to the different assumptions.
For example, the Laspere equation, which is used by all countries of the world, assumes the
stability of consumers’ tastes and their continuity in consuming the same quantities of goods
even if their prices change in subsequent time periods, but the weights of the value of the
expenditures, include the quantity. This is because what the consumer spends, is
the result
of his purchase of a certain amount at a certain price. Consumption patterns are also
identified and the weights for each of the main and sub-expenditure groups are determined
through the Household Income and Expenditure Survey, which was the last survey for the
State of Qatar in 2018.
In the light of its results, a basket of goods was determined, the prices
of which are collected
periodically. Hence, the base year for the State of Qatar is 2018, which is called the
constant base, and it is the period in which the change is measured in relation to it. The
index is calculated by dividing the prices of the comparison year by the price year of the
base year and weighting it with the quantities of the base year. The PSA is looking forward
to utilizing the most updated method such as “Chain Link Index”.