Suh bat m a sh g ‘ulotlarining aham iyati.
S u h b at ta'lim -tarb iy av iy
ishning m u r a k k a b turidir. S u h b a t tarb iv a ch in in g guruhdagi h a m m a
b o l a l a r b i l a n m a ’lu m b ir n iavzu y u z a s id a n m aq sad g a q a ra lilg a n
h o ld a ta s h k i liy so 'z la sh ish id ir.
B o l a l a r b o g ‘c h a s i d a b o l a l a r b ila n o ‘tk a z i l a d i g a n s u h b a t
u l a r n i n g k u n d a l i k faoliyatlari va turli v o q e a -h o d is a la rn i kuzatishi
n a tija s id a o l g a n t u s h u n c h a l a r i n i an iq la s h va ularni bir tizim ga
solish m a q s a d i d a o ‘tkaziladi. T a r b iy a c h i b o la la r bilan su h b a tn i
tashkil e t a r e k a n , u bo lalarg a h a q i q a tn i t o l i q va c h u q u r idrok
1%
qilishga y o rd a m b e r a d i, u l a r n i n g d iq qatini t u s h u n i s h qiyin b o ‘lgan
v o q e a -h o d is a la rg a j a l b q ila d i. S u h b a t m a s h g ‘u l o t i d a bola ilgari
k o ‘rgan, k u z a tg a n v o q e a va h o d isalarn i q a y t a d a n csga tu s hiradi,
m a n tiq iy fikr y uritadi, tahlil va m u h o k a m a q ila d i. S u h b a t bolalarni
j a m o a g a b irla sh tira d i, b ir-b irla rig a b o ‘lgan q i z iq is h n i o sh irad i,
bilim va t a s a w u rla rin i m u s ta h k a m la y d i, u l a r n i n g n u tq ig a (lug'atini
fa o llashtirishga, g r a m m a t i k s h akllarni t a k o m i ll a s h ti r i s h g a ) sczi-
larli d a ra ja d a t a ’sir c ta d i, ta r b i y a c h in in g g a p l a r i n i , o ‘rto q la rin in g
b e r a y o tg a n ja v o b in i e ' t i b o r bilan cshitish g a o d a t l a n a d i l a r . S u h b a t
b o la la r n i o kz fikri bilan o ‘rto q las h ish g a, j a m o a d a s o ‘zlashishga,
f a o llig in i o s h i r i s h g a , o ‘z - o * z i n i t u t a b i l i s h g a o d a t l a n t i r a d i ,
d u n y o q a r a s h i n i s h a k l l a n t i r a d i , y a ’ni y u q o r i a x l o q iy sifatlarni
ta rb iy a la s h d a k a tta a h a m i y a t kasb c tadi. S u h b a t uslubiyoti b o la-
la rd a b ilim , a x lo q iy s ifatlarni tark ib to p t ir is h b i l a n g in a c h c k la n -
n iay, balki u la r n i n g b o g 'la n is h li n u t q i n i o ' s t i r i s h d a , tev arak -
atro fd ag i narsalarg a q iz iq is h g a , ularn i a n i q k o ‘rishga va ushbu
narsalarga n isbatan t o ' g ’ri m u n o s a b a t d a b o 'l i s h g a o ‘rgatishda n m -
h im vosita hisoblanadi.
S uhbat m a sh g 'u lo tid a tarbiyachi q u y id ag ilarn i a m a lg a oshiradi:
1. B o la la rn in g tajrib alarin i a n iq la y d i va t a r t i b g a soladi, y a 'n i
t a r b i y a c h i r a h b a r l i g i d a k u z a ti s h v a q t i d a v a o i l a d a g i , b o l a la r
b o g ‘chasidagi turli fa o liy a tla r j a r a y o n i d a k i s h ila r h a y o ti va tabiat
t o ‘g ‘risidagi bilim h a m d a t a s a w u r l a r i n i a n i q l a y d i .
2. B olalarda t c v a r a k - a tr o f g a t o ‘g ‘ri m u n o s a b a t n i tarbiyalaydi.
3. B o l a l a r n i s u h b a t m a v z u s i d a n c h a l g ‘ i m a y , o ‘z fik rin i
m a q s a d g a y o 'n a ltirilg a n h o l d a izchillik b i la n b a y o n ctishga o ‘r-
gatadi.
4. 0 ‘z fikrini o d d i y va tu s h u n a rli ta rz d a i fo d a la sh g a o ‘rgatadi.
5. B o l a l a r n i n g ilgari o ‘z l a s h t i r g a n b i l i m l a r i g a a s o s l a n i b ,
u la rn in g tlkrlarini faollashtiradi. m ustaqil m u l o h a z a va m u h o k a m a
qilishga o ‘igatadi, m u h o k a m a qilinayotgan h o d is a g a nisbatan t o ‘g ‘ri
m u n o sa b a td a bo'lish fazilatini shakllantiradi va tarbiyalaydi. B undan
t a s h q a r i, tarb iy a ch i s u h b a t v a q tid a b o l a l a r d a b a r q a r o r d iq q atn i,
b o s h q a l a m i n g n u tq in i tin g la sh va t u s h u n i s h n i , savo llarg a o rtiq c h a
k u t t ir m a s d a n , c h a q ir ish n i k u t m a s d a n , t e z j a v o b b erish istagini,
yetarli o v o z b a la n d lig id a , h a m m a esh itarli q ilib a n i q gapirish
o d a ti n i h a m tarbiyalaydi.
S u h b a t m a s h g 'u l o t id a b o l a l a r kelgusida m a k t a b d a ta 'li m olish
j a r a y o n i d a z a m r b o 'l g a n b i l im , m a la k a va o d a t l a r n i egallaydilar.
S u h b a t b o l a l a r n i n g xilm a-xil fa oliya tlariga va xulqlariga katta
t a 's i r e ta d i.
M a s a l a n , o i l a , o n a l a r m e h n a t i t o ‘g*risidagi s u h b a t l a r d a n
s o kng b o l a l a r o 'z l a r i n i n g y a q in kishilariga am aliy j i h a t d a n o ‘z
m u n o s a b a t l a r i n i n a m o y o n c t i s h g a h a r a k a t q ilad ila r. B u n d a y
s u h b a t l a r d a n k e y i n b o la ta r b iy a c h i s ig a : „ Y a q i n d a o n a m n i n g
t u g ‘ilgan k u n l a r i , ularga nin ia so v g ‘a qilishini m u m k in , m a s la h a t
b e r in g “ , — d e b m u r o j a a t c tadi.
T r a n s p o r t v o sitalari t o ‘g ‘risidagi s u li b a td a n keyin esa k o 'c h a
b o 'y la b h a r a k a t q ila y o tg a n m a s h i n a l a r n i z o ‘r qiziqish va d iq q a t
b ilan k u z a t a d i l a r , u l a r d a j u d a k o ‘p q iz a q a rli s a v o lla r p a y d o
b o 'l a d i . ijo d iy o 'y i n l a r i n i n g m a z m u n i sezilarli d a r a ja d a boyiydi.
Suhbat turlari
S u h b a t a s o s a n 3 xil b o ‘ladi:
1. K irish s u h b a ti.
2. S a y o h a t va kuzatish d a v o m i d a o ‘tk a zilad ig an su h b at.
3. Y a k u n i y s u h b a t.
Kirish s u h b a t i . Bu s u h b a t t u r i d a n bolalarn i s a y o h a tg a olib
b o r i s h d a n o l d i n yoki bolalarga o ’qilgan badiiy asarlarni q ay ta
hik o y a q i l d i r is h d a n o ld in fo y da la nila di. M asa la n , 6 yoshli b o la la r
bilan „ P o m i d o r o ‘tq a z d ik “ m avzusida su h b at o 'tk az ish d a ( p o m id o r
o 't q a z i l a d i g a n y c rg a olib b o r i s h d a n avval) tarbiyachi bolalarn i
g u r u h x o n a s i d a t o 'p l a b , q is q a c h a kirish s u h b a ti o ‘tk a z a d i, kirish
suhbati d a v o m i d a bolalarga quyid ag i savollarni bcradi:
— B o la la r, e s la n g la r-c h i, biz sizlar bilan tuvakdagi p o m i d o r
k o 'c h a t la r in i y c r g a (jo 'y a k la rg a) q a c h o n e k k a n edik?
— K i m n i n g k o 'c h a t i qayerga ckilganligini tcz bilib olish u c h u n
q a n d a y bclgi q o 'y g a n cdik?
— P o m i d o r yaxshi hosil b erish i u c h u n uni q a n d a y parvarish
qilish k e r a k ?
— P o m i d o r g a suvni n im a d a q u y ish yax sh iro q — leykadanii
yoki c h e l a k d a m i ?
B o la la r j a v o b i d a n s o ‘ng t a rb iy a c h i u la rn i t o l d i r i b , s h u n d a y
dcydi: — T o kg ‘ri, b o la la r, biz u c h k u n o ld in g u r u h i m i z n i n g
yeriga t u v a k d a g i p o m i d o r k o ‘c h a tl a r i n i e k k a n edik. H a r kim o 'z
k o ‘c h a t i n i p a r v a r i s h qilishi u c h u n h a r b i r k o 'c h a t k i m n ik i
c k a nligini b i l d ir u v c h i u z u n c h o ' p n i t u v a k yon ig a (yerga) suqib,
un g a is m la rn i y o z ib q o 'y g a n cdik. M a n a b u g u n biz sizlar bilan
198
y erga e k ilg a n p o m i d o r k o 'c h a t l a r i n i i z n i parvarish qilish u c h u n
b o r a m i z va u y e r d a k im n in g k o ‘c h a t i q a n d a v k o ‘k a r g a n i n i , u n g a
q a n d a y q ilib suv berish n i, q a n d a y o ‘g ‘it so lish n i k u z a t a m i z .
M a n a , m e n p o m i d o r k o 'c h a t l a r i g a suv quyish u c h u n ley k a-
ch a la rn i tayyorla b q o ‘ydim. L e y k a c h a i a r d a n quyilgan suv x u d d i
y o m g 'i r g a o ‘x sh ab tu s h a d i. B u k o ‘c h a t i l d iz la r in i n g a t r o f i n i
y u m s h a t i s h g a , ildizning yaxshi riv o jlan ish ig a y o r d a m b e r a d i . H o -
z ir h a m m a n g i z k iyim laringizni k iy ib olib, ik k ita d a n b o l i b , q o ‘l
u s h la s h ib , e k in m a y d o n im iz g a b o r i s h g a tayyorlanasiz.
B o g ‘c h a d a h liz id a sh o v q in q i l m a s d a n , b o s h q a g u r u h l a r n i n g
m a s h g 'u l o t o 'tis h la rig a xalaqit b e r m a s d a n , s e k i n - a s ta y u r a m i z .
S a y o h a t yoki biror-bir n a rs a n i kuzatish davom ida s u h b a t
oHkazish.
B olalarni p o m i d o r k o 'c h a t i ekilgan y erga o lib b o rib ,
p o m i d o r k o ‘c h a tin in g o ‘sishini k u z a tis h va u n i q a n d a y parvarish
qilish t o ‘g ‘risidagi suhbatni ta r b i y a c h i quyidagi savollar a so sid a
d a v o m ettiradi:
— B olalar, biz hozir q a y e r g a keldik?
— K i m n i n g k o ‘chati q a y e rg a ekilganligini q a n d a y bilib olasiz?
— P o m i d o r k o 'c h a ti yaxshi o ‘sishi u c h u n n i m a qilish k era k ?
— P arv a rish qilish n i m a l a r d a n iborat?
— N i m a u c h u n o ’sim likka n a m l i k (suv) kerak?
— Suvni n im a d a quygan y a x s h i r o q ? N i m a u c h u n ? ( B ir b o la g a
le y k a c h a n i b e r a d i, u o lz k o ‘c h a t i g a suv q u y ad i.)
— N i m a u c h u n k o 'c h a tg a o z i q beriladi? (Tarbiyachi k o ‘c h a tg a
o l d i n d a n t a y y o rla b q o ‘yilgan o ‘g kitni solib k o 'r s a t a d i v a u s t id a n
leyka b ila n suv quyadi.)
— K o ‘c h a t g a n im a u c h u n q u y o s li nuri kerak?
— B c g o n a o ‘tlarn in g k o ‘c h a t u c h u n q a n d a y za ra ri b o r ?
S h u n d a n s o 'n g t a r b i y a c h i b o l a l a r n i n g j a v o b i n i t o ' l d i r i b ,
s u h b a t n i p o m i d o r haqidagi s h e ’rn i aytib berish b i l a n tu g a ta d i:
B a r g l a r o s ti d a n
X o h salat qiling,
B o q s a m m o 'r a la b .
X o h soling oshga.
U z g in g iz kelar,
I s h t a h a o c h g u m
T o n g d a saralab.
K e k s a - y u , y o s h g a .
T a r b iy a c h i m a s h g ‘u lo td a n s o ' n g bolalarga o ‘z k o ‘c h a tl a r i g a
o ‘g ‘it va le y k a d a n suv quyishni a v t a d i , o 'z i esa to p s h ir i q n i b o l a l a r
q a n d a y b a jaray o tg an larin i k u z a ti b b o r a d i, z a r u r b o l s a , y o r d a m
beradi.
Yakuniy suhbat.
Bu s u h b a t turi b o la la rn in g k o ’rg a n -e s h itg a n
n a r s a la r i h aqidagi b i l im l a r in i aniqlash va u n i m u s t a h k a m l a s h
m a q s a d i d a o'tkaziladi.
T a r b iy a c h i b o la la r n i p o m i d o r k o 'c h a ti ek ilg an yerga b oshlab
b o r ib , k o ‘c h a tn i p a rv a ris h qilish kerakligi va b u ish n i m a d a n
i b o r a t ekanligi h a q id a s u h b a t o 'tk a z ib , parvarish b ilan bog'liq
boMgan ishlar b ajarilgach, o r a d a n bir hafta o ‘t g a c h , „ Biz p o m i d o r
k o ‘c h a t i n i q a n d a y e k d ik v a parvarish q ild ik “ m a v z u s id a y ak u n iy
s u h b a t o 't k a z a d i.
U s h b u s u h b a t j a r a y o n i d a bolalarga quyidagi savollarni bcrish
m u m k i n :
— Biz o ‘tgan h a f ta d a q a y e r g a borgan edik?
— U y e r d a biz n i m a n i k u z a tg a n edik?
— Biz tuvakdagi p o m i d o r k o ‘chatini qay e rg a e k k a n edik?
— H a r kim o ‘z k o ‘c h a t i yon ig a q a n d a y belgi q o 'y g a n edi?
B u n i n i m a u e h u n q ilg a n e d i ?
— N i m a u c h u n p o m i d o r k o ‘chatiga o ‘g “it s o lin a d i?
— K o 'c h a t g a suvni n i m a d a quydingiz? N i m a u c h u n leykada
s u v q u y d i n g i z ?
— P o m i d o r k o ‘c h a t l a r i u c h u n q u y o s h n u ri n i m a u c h u n
k e r a k ?
— P o m i d o r
yaxshi
0
‘sishi u c h u n uni n i m a l a r d a n tozalash
k e r a k ?
— P o m i d o r q a e h o n e k i l a d i ? U q a e h o n p ishadi?
— B izn in g e k in m a y d o n i m i z d a y a n a q a n d a y sa b z a v o tla r bor?
U l a r n i m a u c h u n k erak?
T a r b iy a c h i b o la la r j a v o b i n i toMdiradi va s u h b a t n i sabz avotlar
t o ‘g ‘risidagi s h e ï l a r yoki to p i s h m o q l a r aytish b ilan tugatadi.
H a r b ir s u h b a t
3 qisnidan iborat b o la d i:
l )
s u h b a t n i b o s h l a s h ; 2 ) s u h b a t n i n g b o r i s h i ; 3) s u h b a t n i
y a k u n l a s h .
S u h b a t m a s h g ‘u lo tin i ta s h k il etishda asosiy o ‘rinni
suhbatni
bosh lash
qism i egallaydi. S u h b a t n i b o s h la s h d a b o la la r e 'tib o ri
b i r o r - b i r narsa yoki su rat ni k o ’rishga yoki b o 'l m a s a , ularga tanish
boM gan h o d isalarn i e sla sh g a q aratila di. B a’z a n s u h b a t n i quyidagi
j u m l a l a r n i aytish b ilan h a i n b o sh la sh m u m k in : „ M e n k o ‘p in c h a
o ‘y la b q o l a m a n , b a liq la r a k v a r i u m d a o 'z la rin i q a n d a y his qilar
e k a n l a r . . . “ , „B u g u n m e n a v t o b u s d a em as, tro lle y b u s d a kelishimga
t o ‘g ‘ri keldi va s h u n d a o ' y l a b q o ld im , m e n in g b o la la r im q a n d a y
t r a n s p o r t l a r g a tushish m u m k in l i g i n i b il is h a r m ik a n ? “ , „B olalar,
200
k im b iladi, m e n in g qoMimdagi n i m a ? “ B a 'z a n ta r b i y a c h i s u h b a t n i
s u h b a t m a v z u sig a y a q in b o ' l g a n t o p i s h m o q y o k i s h e ’r aytib
b e r is h d a n h a m boshlashi m u m k i n .
S u hb at m ashg‘ulotining borishida
ta r b i y a c h i n in g tushuntirishi«
k o 'r s a t m a s i , b e rg a n savollari a so siy o ‘rin n i c g a lla y d i. S u h b a t
u c h u n savollarni t o kg ‘ri t a n l a y bilish j u d a m u h i m d i r . S a v o lla r
b o la la r g a t u s h u n a rli b o ‘lishi lo z i m . S h u n i n g u c h u n b o la la r g a
b e r ila d ig a n savollarni t u z i s h d a ta rb iy a c h i o ld ig a q u y id a g i t a la b la r
q o ‘yiladi:
1. S avol a n iq va s o d d a b o ‘lishi kerak.
2. S avolni t u z a y o tg a n v a q t d a ta r b iy a c h i n in g o ‘zi b o la l a r d a n
q a n d a y j a v o b chiqishini k o ' z o ld ig a keltirishi lo z im .
3. B olalarn in g idrok q ilis h la r i tu r lic h a b o ‘lishini h is o b g a olib,
t a r b i y a c h i y o r d a m c h i s a v o l l a r b e r is h o r q a li a s o s i y s a v o l n i n g
m a z m u n i n i bolalarga a n g la tis h i lozim .
M a s a l a n , b o l a l a r n i n g o s h p a z m e h n a t i h a q i d a g i t u s h u n -
c h a la r i n i a n iq la sh va r n u s t a h k a m l a s h m a q s a d i d a t a r b i y a c h i ularn i
o s h x o n a g a olib b o ra d i va o s h p a z n i n g ishini k u z a t i s h j a r a y o n i d a
b o l a l a r b ila n s u h b a t o ‘tk a z a d i. B u n i n g u c h u n s u h b a t o lib b o rish
j a r a y o n i d a quyidagi s a v o lla rn i b e ris h m u m k in :
— Biz h o z i r qayerga keJdik?
— O s h x o n a d a kim la r ish lay d i?
— U l a r q a n d a y ishlarni b a ja r a d ila r?
— Q a n d a y o vqatlarni ta y y o rla y d ila r ?
— N im a l a r n i q o v u ra d ila r?
— N i m a l a r n i q a y n a ta d i la r ?
— H o z ir q a n d a y o v q a t l a r n i ta y y o r l a m o q d a la r ?
— Bu o v q a t la r n i p i s h ir i s h u c h u n q a n d a y a s b o b l a r k e r a k
b o 'la d i?
— O v q a t tayyorlash u c h u n q a n d a y m a s a lliq la r k era k ?
— O s h p a z o v q atn i k i m l a r u c h u n tay y o rla y d i?
— Q a n i a y tin g -c h i, o s h p a z m e h n a t i y e n g ilm i y o k i o g ‘irm i?
T a r b iy a c h i s u h b a tn i t o p i s h m o q , s h e 'r , m a q o l , a s h u l a aytib
b e r is h , s u h b a t m avzusiga t a a l l u q l i s u r a tn i k o ‘r s a ti s h , a x lo q iy
sifatlarni ta rbiya la shga q a r a t i lg a n m a n ti q iy x u l o s a l a r qilish bilan
y a k u n la y d i .
S u h b a t mazmuni va mavzulari.
S u h b a t m a z m u n i — b u , , D a s î u r “ n i n g „ B o l a l a r n i t e v a r a k -
a t r o f b ila n tan ish tirish v a ij tim o i y h ayot h o d is a l a r i g a q iziq ish n i
ta r b i y a la s h “ b o l i m i d a g i m a t e r i a l l a r h i s o b la n a d i. B u n g a te v a r a k -
a t r o f v a o n a - V a t a n . m a i s h i y m a v z u d a g i. b u v u k s i y m o la r va
b a y r a r n l a r , h a r b i y q o ‘s h i n l a r , m a s h h u r s a r k a r d a l a r , k a t t a l a r
m e h n a t i , t r a n s p o r t va a lo q a vo sitalari, m a ishiy-xo'jalik va m c h n a t
b u y u m l a r i , xalq ijodi, ta b i a t, s h u n in g d e k , b o la la r b o g 'c h a s id a
b o l a l a r n i n g turli faoliyatlari ( o 'y in la r i, m c h n a t , o ‘z a ro y o rd a m
va h o k a z o ) kiradi.
M a is h iy mavzularda s u h b a tla r.
Bu b o la la r o ‘zlari shax sa n
k u z a tg a n v a ishtirok e tg an v o q e a va hodisalardir. Bu s u h b a tla rd a
b o l a l a r u y d a kim b ilan y a s h a s h la ri, oila a ’z o l a r in in g ismlari,
u l a r n i n g q a y e r d a ishlashlari, u y d a n im a ishlar qilishiari, q a n d a y
d a m o lis h la ri, o ‘zlarining o ‘y in la ri, uydagi m a s h g 'u lo t va o 'y in la r.
k u c h i g a y a r a s h a k attalarg a y o r d a m bcrish va h o k a z o la r h aq id a
g a p i r i b b e r a d i l a r , u y d a g i v a b o g 'c h a d a g i m u h i t n i b i r - b i r i g a
t a q q o s l a y d i l a r .
T e v a r a k - a t r o f va o n a - V a ta n t o ‘g‘risidag¡ suhbatlarda
b o la la r
o ‘zlari t u g 'ilib o ‘sgan joylari — o ‘z s h a h a r va qishloqlari; b o g ‘chaga
y a q in j o y l a s h g a n k o ‘c h a , b i n o l a r , m ak tab , d o 'k o n , c h o y x o n a ,
id o ra , m a h a l l a , u n d a g i d i q q a t g a sazovor jo y lar, m e 'm o r c h i l i k
y o d g o r l i k la r i , m a y d o n va x iy o b o n l a r ; o ‘z k o 'c h a s i, m a h a lla s in in g
n o m i va b o s h q a l a r h aq id a g a p irib beradilar; 0 ‘zbekiston t o ‘g ‘risida
q i s q a c h a m a 'l u m o t b erila d i, 0 ‘z b e k is to n n in g povtaxti — T o s h k c n t
h a q i d a , T o s h k e n t d a g i M u s t a q i l l i k m a y d o n i , A l i s h e r N a v o iy
x i y o b o n i v a h o k a z o la r ( h a r b i r viloyatning o ‘z tarixiy joylari,
s h a h a r i , t u m a n i ) h a q i d a g a p i r i b beriladi.
K a t t a kishilarning niehnali haqidagi suhbatlar
b o la la r n i k a t
t a l a r fa o li y a ti n i n g m a 'n o s i n i t u s h u n i b olishlariga y o r d a m beradi.
( B o l a l a r b o g 'c h a la r i u c h u n d a s tu r l a r . T e v a r a k - a t r o f bilan ta n is h -
tirish, n u t q o'stirish, b a d iiv a d a b iy o t. T ., 1992, 2, 8, 16 - b e tl a r .)
Buvuk siymolar va b a y ra m la r haqidagi suhbatlarda
bolalar
o ‘z b e k x a l q i n i n g b u y u k s iy m o la r i (N avoiy, B obur, A l-B e r u n iy ,
Ibn S in o , U l u g ‘bek, Y u n u s R ajab iy , K a m o lid d in B c h z o d , 0 ‘rol
T a n s i q b o y e v ) , o ‘zbek x a l q i n i n g milliv bayram lari ( N a v r o ‘z, Hosil
b a y r a m i — M e h r j o n , C i u l l a r v a q u s h i a r b a y r a m i , t o ' y l a r ,
say illar) h a q i d a t u s h u n c h a g a c g a b o 'ladilar.
H a r b i y q o 's h in l a r h a q id a g i s u h b a tla rd a
b o l a l a r g a h a rb iy
q o \ s h i n l a r d a tan k ch ilar, d c n g i z c h i la r borligi, vatanni h im o y a qilish
u c h u n j a s u r , kuchli, c h a q q o n b o ‘lishlari kerakligi h aq id a s o ‘zlab
beriladi.
M a s h h u r s a rk a rd a la r t o ‘g ‘risidagi suhbatlarda
b o l a l a r A m ir
T e m u r . J a l o l i d d in M a n g u b e r d i . Z a h irid d in M u h a m m a d B obur.
202
S o b ir R a h i m o v kabi m a s h h u r s a r k a r d a l a r n i n g h a y o ti d a n o l i n g a n
qiziqarli v o q e a la r n i bilib olad ilar.
Tra n sp o rt va aloqa vositalari t o ‘g ‘risidagi suhbatlarda
bo lalarg a
t r a n s p o r t va a lo q a x o d i m la r i n i n g x iz m a tla ri h a q id a t u s h u n c h a
beriladi. P o c h t a , telcfon, te ie g ra f, u la r n i n g vazifalari t o ‘g ‘risid a
g ap irib b erila d i.
Xalq ijodi
t o ‘g ‘ri s id a g i
s u h b a t l a r d a
b o l a l a r g a s o ‘z a n a ,
n a q q o s h l i k , z a r d o 'z l i k , k u l o l c h i l i k , m ill i y h u n a r m a n d c h i l i k
n a m u n a l a r i , m e 'm o r c h i l i k y o d g o rlik la ri h a q i d a gapiriladi. 0 ‘z b e k
xalq q o ‘sh iqlari: lapar, alia, e r t a k l a r , e rm a k la r; t o p i s h m o q l a r ,
m a q o lla r, s a n a m a l a r , ay tish u v lar, o v u t m a c h o q l a r , te z a y t i s h l a r
h a q id a m a ’l u m o t l a r beriladi.
T a b i a t t o ‘g ‘risid ag i s u h b a t l a r d a
b o l a l a r n i yil f a s l l a r i .
h a y v o n la r , o 's im lik la r , k a t ta l a r n in g ta b ia td a g i m e h n a t l a r i h a q i -
dagi t a s a w u r l a r i an iq la n a d i v a m u s t a h k a m l a n a d i .
M aish iy -x o ‘jalik va mehnat buyumlari t o ‘g ‘risidagi s u h b a tla rd a
jih o z la r, id ish -to v o q la r, k i y i m - k e c h a k la r , o ‘y in c h o q la r, b a ’zi b i r
m e h n a t q u r o l l a r i m u h o k a m a q i l i n a d i , u l a r n i n g n i m a u c h u n
kerakligi, n i m a d a n , q an d a y tay yorlanganligi, ayrim m u h i m belgilari
(rangi, shakli, uzunligi), b u b u y u m l a r n i kim va q a y e rd a t a y y o r -
laganligi, u n i q a n d a y saqlash lozim ligi a n iqlana di.
S u h b a tg a tayyorlanish va uni o ‘tkazish.
S u h b a t l a r b irin c h i kichik g u r u h d a n b o sh lab o ‘tk azi!adi.
S u h b a t yilning ikkinchi y a r m i d a n b o sh la b o ‘tkazilgani m a ’qul.
C h u n k i bu d a v r g a c h a b olalarda kerakli tajriba t o ‘planadi. B ir o y d a
1 — 3 ta s u h b a t o ‘tkazish tavsiya e tila d i. S u h b a tn i ta s h k il e t i s h
u c h u n t a r b i y a c h i d a n t a y y o r g a r l i k t a l a b e t i l a d i . T a r b i y a c h i
n av b a td a g i ishlarni rc ja la s h tirish d a t e v a r a k - a t r o f b ilan t a n i s h t i -
rish b o ‘y i c h a qaysi d a s t u r m a t e r i a l i n i s u h b a t t a r z i d a b e r i s h
m a q s a d g a m u v o fiq ekanligini b clg ila y d i, s o ‘ngra m a s h g 'u l o t n i
olib b o rish rcjasini tuzadi.
Bolalar diqqatin i tcz t o ‘plash v a u la r n i n g m a s h g 'u lo tg a b o ‘lg an
qiziq ish in i u y g 'o t i s h , aqliy f a o liy a tin i fa o lla sh tirish , h is s iy o tla r ig a
t a ’s ir e t i s h u c h u n m a s h g ‘u l o t n i q a n d a y b o s h la s h k e r a k l i g i n i
puxta o ‘ylab oladi. Bunday e m o ts io n a l vositalar sifatida s u r a tla r d a n ,
bolalar u c h u n n o ta n ish b o ‘Igan y angi to p is h m o q l a r d a n , s u h b a t
m a z m u n i g a y a q in b o l g a n s h e 'r l a r d a n foydalanish m u m k in .
M a s a la n , k u z haqidagi s u h b a t n i 0 ‘. T a n s iq b o y e v n in g , , K u z k‘
r e p ro d u k s iy a s in i ( k a tta g u r u h d a ) k o ‘rs a tis h d a n b o sh la s h m u m -
kin. Bu a sa r b o l a l a r n in g x o tira s id a b o g 'g a u v u s h tirilg a n sayohat
v a q tid a g i ta a ss u r o tla rin i jo n l a n t ir a d i .
0 ‘z b e k is to n h a q i d a g i s u h b a t n i esa 0 ‘z b e k is t o n n i n g uzo q
o ‘tm is h ig a d o ir b a 'z i y o d g o rlik la rn i, hujjatli s u ra tla r n i k o ‘rsa-
t i s h d a n bosh lash m u m k i n .
B a'zi v a q t d a s u h b a t n i m avzuga b o g 'liq b o l g a n savollarni
b e r is h d a n h a m b o s h la s h m a q s a d g a muvofiq h i so b la n a d i. M asalan,
k a t ta l a r n in g m e h n a t l a r i h a q id a g i su h b a tn i „ B o l a l a r k i m n in g o ta -
o nasi qayerda, kim b o l i b ishlaydi?“ — d eg a n savol bilan boshlaydi.
T a r b i y a c h i b o l a l a r m a v z u d a n c h e t g a c h i q i b k e t m a s l i k l a r i ,
c h a lg 'im a s li k l a r i u c h u n o l d i n d a n s u h b a t n i n g rejasini belgilab
oladi.
A w a l d a n rcjaga e g a b o 'l g a n tarbiyachi b o l a l a r n i h a r q a n d a y
s h a r o it d a h a m , n a v b a td a g i reja savolini b e rish b ila n m avzuga
q a y t a r a oladi. T a r b i y a c h i o ‘z in in g savollari b ila n b o la la r fikrini
n a rs a va h o d isa la rn in g x arak terli va m u h im belgilariga y o ‘na!tiradi.
B olalarga u la rn in g fik rlarin i faollashtirishga y o r d a m b e rm a y d ig a n ,
y o s h ig a m o s b o ‘l m a g a n s a v o lla rn i berish y a r a m a y d i . S h u nuqtayi
n a z a r d a n b e s h - o lt i y o sh li bolalarga: S ig irn in g o y o g 'i n e c h ta ?
Q u y o n n i n g n e c h t a q u l o g ‘i b o r? kabi savollarni b e rish y aram aydi.
B i r i n c h i d a n , b u b o l a g a m a ' l u m b o l g a n n a r s a ; i k k i n c h i d a n ,
o y o q n i n g , d u m n i n g , q u l o q n i n g s o n i ( m i q d o r i ) to*g‘risidagi
su h b a t b o lalarning h a y v o n l a r to'g'risidagi bilim lariga hech q an d a y
m a 'l u m o t q o ‘s h m a y d i.
C h u n k i lia m m a h a y v o n la r d a oyoq, qulo q va h o k a z o la r mavjud.
Bir h a y v o n ik k in ch i h a y v o n d a n gavda q is m la r i n in g m iq d o ri bilan
farq q ilm a y d i, balk i h a y o t tarzi, h arakati b ila n ajralib turadi.
H a y v o n l a r n i n g t a s h q i b e l g i l a r i t o 'g 'r i s i d a e n g t o ’g 'r i savol
q u y i d a g i c h a b o l i s h i m u m k i n : M u s h u k n i n g k o 'z l a r i q a n d a y ?
U n i n g d u m i q a n d a y ? va h o k a z o la r. S u h b a t n i n g asosiy savollari
( q o ' s h i m c h a s av o llar h a m ) ta rb iy a c h in in g is h la n m a s ig a yozilishi
kerak.
S h u n in g d e k , t a r b i y a c h i s u h b a t m avzusi u c h u n kerak b o l a -
d ig a n k o 'r g a z m a l a r n i o l d i n d a n tayyorlashi va b o la la r d iq qatini
j a l b q ilm a y d ig a n j o y g a q o 'y i b q o'yishi kerak.
M a s h g ‘ulot o x irid a s u h b a t m a z m u n in i m u s t a h k a m l a s h yoki
u n in g bolalarga e m o t s i o n a l t a ’sirini c lu iq u rla s h tiris h foydalidir.
B uni turli y o l l a r b i la n a m a l g a oshirish m u m k i n , c h u n o n c h i:
ta rb iy a c h i s u h b a t m a z m u n i n i qisqa hikoya q ilib berish, suhbat
m avzusiga bo g 'liq b o 'l g a n t a 'l i m i y o 'y in
0
‘tkazish (3 — 5 daq iq a);
204
t a n is h s u h b a t m a z m u n i g a y a q i n b o 'l g a n s h e ' r yoki a s h u l a n i
aytib b e r is h n i t a k l i f etish; b a d i i y h i k o y a o ‘qib berish v a h o k a z o .
T a r b iv a c h i n in g qaysi variantni t a n l a b olishi s u h b a tn in g m a v z u s ig a ,
b o la l a r b i li m i n i n g boyligiga v a v a q t g a b o g l i q d i r . S a b z a v o t l a r
t o fcg krisidagi s u h b a t n i „ P a y p a s l a b t o p “ t a 'l i m i y o ‘yin i b i l a n ;
N a v r o ‘z b a y r a m i t o lg ‘risidagi s u h b a t n i m u siq a m a s h g ‘u l o t i d a
o ‘rg a n ilg a n a s h u la n i ayttirish b i l a n tu g a lla s h m u m k in . T a r b i y a c h i
s u h b a t d a h a m m a b o lalarn in g fa o l is h tir o k etishiga h a r a k a t q ilish i
kerak. B u n in g u c h u n quyid ag i q o i d a l a r g a a m a l qilishi k e r a k :
savolni g u r u h d a g i h a m m a b o l a l a r g a q a r a t a bcrib, s o 'n g r a j a v o b
b e ris h u c h u n b i t t a d a n c h a q i r i s h k e r a k . D o i m o b i r b o l a d a n
s o ‘rash y a r a m a y d i. Iloji b o r i c h a b c r il g a n savolga k o ‘p r o q b o l a -
larni ja v o b b e r is h g a jalb qilishi k e r a k . A g a r tarb iy a ch i b i t ta b o l a
bilan u z o q ga p la s h sa , b o s h q a b o l a l a r s u h b a td a ish tir o k e t i s h n i
i s t a s h m a y d i . S h u n i n g d e k , t a r b i y a c h i n i n g o ‘zi s u h b a t v a q t i d a
bo lalarg a m a ' l u m b o 'lg an n a r s a l a r h a q i d a k o kp gap irsa h a m b o l a
lar s u h b a t d a ishtirok etish m a y d i.
B o lalar s u h b a t vaqtida j o ' r ( x o r ) b o l i b e m a s , balki
b i t t a -
bitta ja v o b berishlari kerak. A g a r z a r u r a t b o l m a s a , b o l a l a r n i n g
ja v o b in i boMmaslik lozim: ag a r b o l a z a r u r i y bilim ga ega b o l m a s a ,
u y a t c h a n b o 'l s a , u n d a n t o ‘Iiq j a v o b b e rish n i ta la b e t m a s d a n ,
q isqa j a v o b i bilan q oniqish k e ra k . B o l a l a r savollarga yetarli o v o z
b a la n d lig id a , a n iq va tetik j a v o b b e r is h la r i lozim. A g a r b o la p a st
o v o z d a j a v o b bersa, tarb iy a ch i u n d a n ja v o b n i b a l a n d o v o z d a .
a m m o q i c h q i r m a s d a n ta k ro r la s h in i t a la b etishi z a ru r. M a s a l a n ;
„ S e n n i m a d e g a n in g n i liech k i m e s h i t m a d i , — d e b t u s h u n t i r i s h i
kerak. - J a v o b in g n i baland o v o z d a t a k r o r l a “ . T arbiya chi s u h b a t g a
ta y y o r l a n is h d a va uni o ‘t k a z i s h d a u s h b u q o id alarg a q a t ’iy a m a l
qilishi kerak.
Misol tariqasida katta g u ru h d a o ‘tkaziladigan „B olalar b o g ‘ch a si
x o d i m la r in i n g m e h n a t i “ m a v z u s id a g i s u h b a t n i k eltiram iz.
„ B o l a l a r b o g 'c b a s i x o d im la rin in g m e h n a t i “ m avzusida s u h b a t .
M a q s a d . B o l a l a r n i n g b o g ' c h a x o d i m l a r i n i n g m e h n a t l a r i
t o ‘g*risidagi b ilim larini an iq la sh v a k e n g a y tirish , h a r xil m e h n a t
turlari o 'r ta s id a g i o ‘zaro bogM iqlikni k o krsatish: feMlarni h o s il
qilish u s tid a m a s h q qilish.
O l d i n d a n q ilin g a n ish. M a s h g ‘u l o t d a n 2 — 3 k u n o l d i n
( k e c h k i s o a t d a ) t a rb iy a c h i b o l a l a r n i yigMb, u l a r d a n b o l a l a r
b o g 'c h a s i n in g m u d irasi kim , u n i m a ish qiladi, d e b s o 'r a y d i .
Tarbiyachi b o g 'c h a d a nim a qilishi b ila n qiziqadi. B olalarning u z u q -
y u l u q , ish o n c h siz lik b i l a n a y tg a n javo b larin i t in g la b , s h u n d a y
d e y d i: „ S iz la r bu k i s h i l a r n i n g m eh n a tla ri h a q i d a j u d a k a m bilar
e k a n s iz la r. Bu h a q d a k o kp r o q bilishni is ta y s iz la rm i? “ B olalard a n
t a s d i q j a v o b l a r in i e s h i t i b ( b o g kch a x o d i m la r i b i l a n o l d i n d a n
k elish ilg a n b o 'l a d i ) , u c h - t o krtta bolani o s h p a z n i n g , h a m s h i r a va
m u d i r a n i n g , t a r b i y a c h i n i n g y o n ig a ularning fa o liy a tlarin i kuzatish
v a m e h n a t l a r i h a q i d a k o kp n a r s a la rn i b ilib o l i s h la r i ( s o ‘rab
o lis h la ri) u c h u n (35 — 4 0 d aq iq a g a ) y u b o ra d i.
Y u b o r i l g a n b o l a l a r q a y t i s h g a c h , o ‘z t a a s s u r o t l a r i b il a n
o krtoqlashishlarini so 'ra y d i. B oshqa bolalarga esa eshitganlari haqida
q a n d a y gapirib b e r is h m u m k in l i g in i o ky lashni t a k l i f etad i.
M a s h g ‘ulotning borishi
Bizning V a ta n im i z d a k ich ik yoshdagi
b o l a l a r m a k ta b g a c h a t a r b i y a m uassasalarida t a r b iy a la n a d ila r, —
d e b s o ‘z b o sh lay d i t a r b i y a c h i . — K i c h k in to y la r u c h u n bolalar
b o g ‘c h a s i d a h a m m a s h a r o i t l a r m u h a y y o b o 'l i s h i , u la r vaqtni
q iz iq a rli o ktkazishlari u c h u n k o ‘p kishilar m e h n a t qilishadi. M en .
b o l a l a r b o g ‘c h a s id a k o ‘p k ish ila r m e h n a t q ilish a d i, d e b aytdim .
M e n x a to q i lm a d im m i ? M a k t a b g a c h a tarbiya m u assas a la rid a q a n
d a y k asbdagi k ish ila r m e h n a t qilishadi? B o la la r bilan d o i m o
y o n m a - y o n t a rb iy a c h i v a e n a g a m e h n a t q iladila r. T a r b iy a c h in in g
v az ifalarig a n i m a l a r kirish i h a q i d a b atafsilroq g ap irib beringlar.
( H a r k u n i e rta lab b o l a l a r n i k u tib oladi, o t a - o n a l a r bilan s u h b a t-
lashadi, o kyinlar tashkil e ta d i, m ashg'u lotlar o ‘tkazadi va boshqalar).
E n a g a kun b o kyi q a n d a y ishlarni bajaradi, siz ularga q a n d a y
y o r d a m berishingiz m u r n k i n ?
Siz bo lalar b o g ‘c h a s i m u d ira s in in g ishlari h a q i d a nim alarn i
b ila s iz ? B iz n in g o s h p a z i m i z q a n d a y m e h n a t q il a d i? B o lalar
b o g kc h a s in i n g o ‘z h a m s h i r a s i b o klsa q a n d a y yaxshi — h a r d o im
h a m davolash m u a ssasa sig a (poliklinika) b o rib yuriim ay d i. Bolalar
b o g ‘c h a s id a h a m s h i r a n i m a qiladi? S u h b a tn i t a rb iy a c h i s h u n d a y
y a k u n l a y d i : „ B u g u n b i z b o g ‘c h a x o d i m l a r i n i n g m e h n a t l a r i .
u l a r n i n g vazifa va b u r c h l a r i h a q i d a k o ‘p ro q bilib olishga harakat
q ild ik . Siz n i m a d e b o ‘vlaysiz, kim n in g ishi q iz iq ro q va n im a
u c h u n ? Bolalarning j a v o b in i tinglaydi. Yangi savol beradi: „Ayting-
c h i , k i m n in g m e h n a t i m u h i m r o q ? “ X u lo sa n i izohlaym iz: „ H a r
b i r k is h in in g m e h n a t i b i r xild a m u h im va kerakli. H a r bir kishi
o kz ishini y ax s h iro q b a j a r is h g a harakat q i la d i “ .
M a s h g ‘ulotning 2 - qismi.
T arbiyachi quyidagi s o 'z la rn i aytib.
u l a r ish tiro k id a g a p l a r o ky lab topishni ta k l i f etadi:
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |