V
B O B
N U T Q N I
G R A M M A T I K J I H A T D A N
S H A K L L A N T IR I S H U S L U B IY O T I_________
1 - § . N u t q n i g r a m m a t i k j i h a t d a n s h a k ll a n ti r i s h -
n i n g v a z if a la ri va m a z m u n i
„ G r a m m a t i k a “ t e r m i n i tilsh u n o slik d a ikki m a ’n o d a ishlati-
ladi: b i r i n c h i d a n , u t i ln i n g g r a m m a t i k q u r i l i s h in i
belgilaydi
ik k in c h id a n , u fa n sifatida tu sh u n ilib , s o 'z sh a k lin in g o kzgarishi
va u ia rn in g g a p d a m o s la sh u v i to*g‘risidagi q o id a la r n i tu s h u n tir ib
be rad i.
G r a m m a t i k a tils h u n o s lik n in g s o ‘z s h a k lin in g o kzgarishi, s o lz
b i r i k m a l a r i n in g tu r l a r i va g a p n i n g tip la rin i o ‘rg a n u v ch i qism i.
G r a m m a t i k a : 1) s o ‘z b irik m a la ri va g a p l a r n i ; 2) s o ‘z la r
o ra sida gi l e k s i k - s e m a n t i k a lo q a la rn i t c k sh ira d i. G r a m m a t i k a s o ‘z
t u r k u m l a r i va g a p tu zilis h in i, y a ’ni t i ln i n g g r a m m a ti k tuzilishini
o 'r g a n a d i . G r a m m a t i k qurilish esa tiln in g aso sla rid a n biri:
tilning
negizi u n i n g g r a m m a t i k qurilishi bilan leksikasidir. G r a m m a t i k a
ikki q i s m d a n — m o rfo lo g iy a va s in ta k sis d a n iborat. M o rfologiya
s o kz la r n in g tu z ilish i va o ‘zgarishini, s o ‘z l a r n i n g n u t q d a o ‘za ro
birikishiga x i z m a t q ila d ig a n s tru k tu ra o ‘z ga rishia rini, s o ‘z la rn in g
tuzilishi, u i a r n i n g t u r k u m l a r g a ajralishi v a b u n d a g i q o n u n iy a tla rn i
o ‘rganadi. S in ta k s is esa s o ‘z birikm asida va g a p d a so 'z la rn in g biri-
kisli yoMlarini, g a p n i n g stru k tu rasin i, tip la rin i, g a p b o 'la k la r in i
teksh irad i. B o l a l a r tiln in g g ra m m a ti k tuzilishini kattalar bilan
m u l o q o t d a b o ‘lish va taqlid qilish asosida a sta - s e k in o ‘zIashtirib
boradilar.
M a k t a b g a c h a t a rb iy a yoshidagi b o l a l a r
atrofdagi kish ila rd an
taq lid qilish y o ‘li bilan turli g r a m m a t i k shakllardagi s o ‘zlarni
o ‘z l a s h tirib o l a d i l a r va u l a r d a n a s t a - s e k i n m u staq i! ra v ish d a
fo y d a la n a b o s h l a y d i l a r . Biroq n u t q n i n g g r a m m a t i k tu zilish in i
o 4z l a s h tiris h m u r a k k a b va u z o q d a v o r n e t a d i g a n j a r a y o n d i r .
B olalarni m a k t a b t a ’lim iga t a y y o rla s h d a , y a ’ni u ia rn in g n u tq
m a l a k a la r i n i t a k o m i l l a s h t i r i s h d a o g ‘zaki n u t q n i n g g r a m m a t i k
qurilishini s h a k ll a n t ir i s h g a a l o h id a a h a m iy a t beriladi. M a k t a b d a
b o la h a r d o i m o ‘q i t u v c h i n in g talablari b ila n t o ‘q n a sh keladi,
q o ‘yilgan s a v o l l a r g a m u s ta q il ja v o b b e r a d i , n i m a n i d ir h ik o y a
q ila d i, t u s h u n t i r a d i , isb o tla y d i. B u l a r n i n g h a m m a s i b o l a d a n
tilning leksik
va g ra m m a ti k jihatlarini, u n i n g frazeologik boyligini,
ad a b iy til q o i d a la r in i c h u q u r e g a lla sh la rin i t a l a b etadi.
Bola m a k t a b d a n u tq in i g r a m m a t i k j i h a t d a n sh a k lla n tiris h d a
g r a m m a ti k a q o id a l a r in i o ‘rganishga a s o s l a n a d i. M a k t a b g a c h a t a r -
biya yoshidagi b o l a l a r esa n a z a riy b i l im l a r g a ta y a n m a y , balki
a tro fd a g ila r b ila n o ‘z a ro m u lo q o tg a a s o s l a n a d il a r . B o g 'c h a y o s h i
dagi b o la la r g r a m m a t i k q o id a la r n i t u s h u n i b , y o d la rid a s a q l a b
q o lm a y d ila r. U l a r o t , fe'l, sifat, o l m o s h , k e lish ik
kabi g r a m m a ti k
kateg o riy alarn in g borligini h a m , n i m a e k a n lig in i h a m bilm aydilar.
S h u n in g u c h u n u l a r g r a m m a ti k a n i o g ‘z a k i n u t q orqali a m a l i y
ravishda o ‘z la sh tirib b o ra dila r.
B o l a l a r b o g ‘c h a s i d a e g a l l a n g a n g r a m m a t i k m a l a k a l a r ,
b o sh lan g 'ich sinfda n u tq n in g g ra m m a tik tu zilish in i nazariy ji h a t d a n
egallashlariga aso s b o ‘lib x iz m a t qiladi.
Y ilning b o s h i d a ta rb iy a c h ila r b o l a l a r n u tq i d a g i g r a m m a ti k
x a to la rn i m a s h g ‘u l o t la r d a va m a s h g ‘u l o t d a n t a s h q a r i v a q t l a r d a
a n iq ia b olad ilar. Bu t a rb iy a c h ila r u c h u n b a ja rila d ig a n ish m a z -
m u n i n i b e lgilashda y o r d a m beradi.
N u t q n i g r a m m a t i k j i h a t d a n s h a k l l a n t i r i s h ishlari i k k i n c h i
kichik g u r u h d a n b o s h la n a d i. U sh b u g u r u h d a „ B o l a la r b o g ‘c h a s id a
t a ’lim - ta rb iy a d a s t u r i “ n in g „ N u t q »o‘s t i r i s h “ b o l i m i d a n u t q n i
g r a m m a ti k j i h a t d a n sh a k lla n tiris h b o ‘y i c h a q u y id a g i
ish v a z ifa -
lari va m a z m u n i belgilab berilgan. O tla rn i k elish ik q o ‘s h im c h a la r i
b ila n t o ‘g ‘ri t u rla s h g a , fc 'lla rn i s h a x s - s o n v a z a m o n q o ‘s h i n i -
c h a la ri bilan t o ‘g ‘ri tu slash g a o ‘rgatish. B u y u m l a r n i va n a r s a -
h o d is a la rn in g n o m l a r i n i birlik va k o 'p l i k d a ifo d a la sh g a o 'r g a t is h ,
n u t q n i n g s in ta k tik t o m o n i n i sh a k lla n tiris h v a tak o m illa s h tirish .
B olalarga v o q e a n in g s o d ir b o ‘lgan v a q t i n i , j o y i n i ifodalaydigan
s o ‘zlarni, s o d d a v a q o 's h m a g a p l a r n i n g t u z ilis h in i o ‘z la sh tirib
olish la rid a y o r d a m berish, ularn i u y u s h iq boMakli g a p la r tu z is h g a
o 'r g a tis h .
KATTA VA MAKTABGA TAYYORLOV G U R U H ID A
N UTQ NI G R A M M A T IK JIH A T D A N S H A K L L A N T IR IS H
B irinchi y a r im yillik. B o lalar n u t q i n i g r a m m a t i k j i h a t d a n
sh ak lla n tirish n i d a v o m ettirish. B o la la rd a o ‘z n u t q i va b o s h q a l a r
n u tq ig a n i s b a ta n t a n q i d i y m u n o s a b a t n i t a r b i y a la s h , u la rd a t o ‘g ‘ri
j u m l a tuzish m a la k a la rin i m u s t a h k a m l a s h . O t , sifat, fe 'lla rn in g
m u ra k k a b g r a m m a t i k s h a k lla rid a n f o y d a la n ish n i m a s h q qildirish.
A yrim j o n i v o r l a m i n g , n a r s a la rn in g , u y - r o ‘z g ‘o r
b u y u m la rin in g ,
turli kasb e g a l a r i n i n g n o m la rin i a n iq a y tis h g a o ‘rgatish. B olalar
n u t q i d a u y u s h i q b o l a k l i , yoy iq va q o ‘s h m a g a p l a r n i n g turli
xillaridan ( b o g l a n g a n q o ‘s h m a gap, e r g a s h g a n q o 's h n i a g ap)
foyda la nish m a la k a s in i m u s t a h k a m l a s h . M a s a la n :
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: