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(computing):
Fundamental frequency
(signal processing):
Gamma correction
(graphics):
Garbage collection
(computing):
Gaussian distribution
(mathematics):
Gel electrophoresis
(molecular biology):
Gene (molecular
biology):
Describes a data structure that is fixed and cannot be modified
after creation, for example a tuple or frozen set in Python.
Sometimes called a subroutine, a function is part of a computer
program that represents an encapsulated set of commands in a
block that is separate from the main flow of the program, but
which may be invoked from different points within the program.
A function is usually written to perform a general operation on
an abstract set of inputs.
Representing a continuous mathematical function (which is
typically highly complex and/or unknown) for which some data
points are known, in an approximate way using a combination
of simpler functions that have been fitted to the data.
A frequency in the range of the recorded frequencies, which
might not be the true frequency of a signal because of aliasing
(see above).
The process of changing the brightness of an image using a
power law. This does not affect the black and white extremes of
brightness, but intermediate values are scaled to lighten or
darken an image, depending on the gamma value: above 1.0 will
darken and below 1.0 will lighten.
Freeing allocated computer memory that is no longer being
used.
Also called the normal distribution, a special continuous
probability distribution with a ‘bell’ shape that is determined by
its mean and standard deviation and that occurs in many
applications of statistics.
The process of separating dissolved molecules by passing them
through a gel substance using an electric current. Typically this
is done to separate the molecules according to their size or
electric charge.
The unit of inheritance in biological systems, which is formed
by a particular DNA sequence within the genome of an
Gene duplication
(molecular biology):
Generator (computing):
Genetic algorithm
(computing):
Genetic code (molecular
biology):
Genome (biology):
Genome build
(bioinformatics):
Geometric distribution
(mathematics):
organism. Genes are a persistent store of information and are
read to make functional RNA and protein molecules that control
an organism’s biochemistry.
The process of copying a gene inside a given genome.
Duplication arises from errors in DNA replication and from
mobile genetic elements (like viruses). The copying of a gene
allows for evolutionary diversification, as the two genes can
take on different roles as they diverge.
A memory-saving method for functions that give back a list, by
only returning each element in the list as it is needed, rather than
a full list.
An iterative optimisation method that seeks to find better
combinations of parameters by mimicking the way that a
population of genes change and are selected in evolution. The
algorithm involves a population of solutions to the problem
which are improved upon by mutation: small changes in
parameters, crossover; swapping large blocks of parameters and
then propagation of the ‘fittest’ solutions to the next round. This
is an alternative to Monte Carlo and simulated annealing
approaches.
The rules for translating DNA and RNA sequences into protein
sequences; for going from three adjacent nucleotide residues in
a codon (64 possibilities) to the 20 standard amino acids or a
sequence stop. A genetic code is specified by tRNA molecules
and the synthetase enzymes that associate a particular amino
acid to a particular codon. Animals have a slightly different
genetic code in the nucleus compared to their mitochondria.
The entirety of an organism’s (or cell’s) genetic information,
stored in its chromosomes as a sequence of nucleic acids
(generally DNA but RNA in some viruses).
The particular version of an assembled genome sequence, i.e.
the current state of sequence knowledge.
A discrete probability distribution that models how long it takes
to have a successful trial, where the probability of success for
Geometry management
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