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biology):
Dot product
(mathematics):
Double precision
(computing):
Drosphila melanogaster
(biology):
Duplex (molecular
biology):
Dynamic programming
(computing):
Electron density
(chemistry):
Ensemble
(bioinformatics):
A domain is an autonomous part of a protein that has a discrete
structure, function and evolutionary history, relative to other
parts of a protein. Domains are often separate globules that can
fold independently. A family of related domains, with similar
structure and function, may occur in proteins that are otherwise
very different: shuffling and recombining domains is a major
evolutionary mechanism.
Also called the scalar product. A scalar value, calculated as the
sum of the component-wise product of two vectors (or arrays)
which represents the size of the projection of one vector on to
the other. Equivalent to the product of the length of two vectors
and the cosine of the angle between them.
A numerical data type that typically uses 64 binary bits to store
the value; basically two of the traditional 32-bit memory slots.
A fruit fly that is commonly used for biological
experimentation, particularly for genetic studies.
The double-stranded form of DNA, which is structurally a
double helix. The duplex is formed of two anti-parallel DNA
chains (going in opposite directions) with complementary
nucleotide sequences that cause the chains to bind tightly along
their length.
An algorithm which is commonly used to align pairs of
biological sequences. The algorithm is much more efficient than
an exhaustive search and works by disregarding many
alignment possibilities at an early stage, where there is a known,
better solution to an alignment sub-problem.
Often with reference to its detection by X-ray crystallography, a
spatial map of the density of electrons in a molecule. An
electron density map may be fitted with a chemical structure to
give the three-dimensional structure of a molecule, including for
proteins and nucleic acids.
With regard to structures, a short form of structure ensemble
(see below). In general an ensemble is a collection of similar but
Equilibrium distribution
(mathematics):
Eukaryotic (biology):
Event (mathematics):
Exception (computing):
Excision (molecular
biology):
Exon (molecular
biology):
Expected value
(mathematics):
Expression (molecular
biology):
Expression (computing):
Family (molecular
biology):
distinct arrangements, conformations or examples for a
particular system: e.g. an ensemble of related solutions to a
mathematical problem.
In (well-behaved) Markov chains, the long run proportion of
time that the Markov chain spends in each state.
Pertaining to the kinds of organisms that have cells with nuclei,
i.e. plants, animals, fungi, amoebae etc. In essence this is all
cellular organisms except bacteria (true bacteria and archea).
In probability, a possible set of outcomes.
An error condition indicating that something, often unexpected,
has gone wrong in a computer program while it is running.
The act of cutting to remove part of something, used to describe
the removal of sections of DNA or RNA by cutting with
enzymes. This occurs naturally during the repair of DNA
damage and when viruses replicate.
A part of a gene that is transcribed from DNA into RNA and
which remains after introns are removed.
In probability, the average value of some function of a random
variable.
The realisation of genetic code to produce biologically
functional protein or RNA molecules.
A specific combination of elements in a program (variables,
values, operators etc.) that is used to compute and give back
value.
Or more specifically, a homologous family. When referring to
genes or proteins a family is a group of related genes or proteins
that share a common evolutionary ancestor. Members of a
family will share many, but not all, characteristics (e.g. in terms
of sequence, structure or function) by virtue of inheritance, with
Feature (mathematics):
Feature space
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