Public-Private Partnership (ppp) Handbook



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public-private-partnership

Specify
Service
Estimate
Costs
Set Tariffs and
Subsidies
No
Satisfied?
Yes
Implement
Figure 10: Balancing Service and Costs
Source: World Bank and PPIAF. 006. 
Approaches to Private Participation in Water: A Toolkit.


Introduction

1
PPP Preparatory Work    51
The technical preparation builds on (and refines) the analytical work that has been done 
in preparing the sector analysis and road map, including demand analysis, asset inventory, 
and investment analysis. 
Technical terms of reference need to strike a balance between being too narrow/restric-
tive and too loose. Technical specifications that are too narrow may mean that a bidder is 
prohibited from using the most economical technical solution. Too loose terms may lead to 
proposals that diverge significantly from each other and are hard to compare and rank. A 
strategy for dealing with this dilemma is to focus on defining the technical outputs expected 
rather than dictating the inputs to be employed, thus allowing the bidders some reasonable 
latitude to determine the most efficient way to achieve outputs.
The technical terms of reference enable bidders to understand required outputs, quantify 
necessary investment, and estimate resulting operating performance. 
Below are two samples, Boxes 10 and 11, of the type of specifications that might be con-
tained in the technical portion of a request for proposals:

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