Professional Qualification Lawyer

Constitutional and Administrative Law

Courses	Credits	Form of Control
1. Comparative Constitutional Law	3	E
2.Current Problems of Administrative Law	2	E
3. Current Problems of Administrative Procedure	2	E
4. Mechanism of Drafting Legislative Acts	2	E

Private Law

Courses	Credits	Form of Control
1. Problems of Contract Law and Delict Law	3	E
2. Problems of Property Law and Inheritance Law	3	E
3. Methods of Civil Law and of Civil Procedure Research	2	E
4. Problems of Civil Procedure	1	E

Criminal Law

Courses	Credits	Form of Control
1. Problems of Criminal Law	3	E
2. Problems of Criminal Procedure	3	E
3. Problems of Criminology	3	E

International Law

Courses	Credits	Form of Control
1. Problems of International Public Law	3	E
2. Problems of International Private Law	3	E
3. Maritime Law	3	E

Theory of Law, History of Law and Political Science

Courses	Credits	Forms of Control
1. Doctrine of Legal Method	2	E
2. General Theory of the State	2	E
3. Mechanism of the Drafting of Legislative Acts	2	E
4. Comparative Constitutional Law	3	E

3. Research works

Forms of work	Credits
1. Paper	4
2 Master’s thesis	23

Total: 40 credits

V. Requirements of the Academic Recognition System of the Studies

1. Exams

Lecturers who have delivered a course of lectures, at the end of the semester organise an examination. The Academic Recognition System has ten grades.

2. Final Exam

Students who have passed exams in different courses and received a positive estimation of their research papers are admitted to the final exam. It is passed in the presence of the Commission of the Master’s Degree Programme. At the Final Exam a student is to show his knowledge in both mandatory subjects of the Master’s program (Part A) and in the courses for specialization (Part B). The Final exam is oral. The estimation is done according to the Academic Recognition System of 10 grades. Students who have failed in a Final Exam have the right to take it once again next year at the examination session with the permission of the Director of the Master’s Programme.

3. Requirements of the Academic recognition System of a Research Work

a) Research paper

A paper is a student’s 20-30 pages long research work typed or printed by a computer. The paper is a study of one of the branches of the chosen specialization. It should show the author’s skill to do research of scientific literature, the materials of judicial practice and come to independent conclusions on discussed legal problems. The research supervisor of a students certifies his/her paper as “passed” or “failed”.

b) Master’s thesis

Master’s thesis is to reflect the results of the author’s independent creative work, to testify to the author’s understanding of legal problems, his skill to analyse critically, to propose and to argue viewpoints and suggestions which are of theoretical and practical importance for the improvement of legal practice. The Master’s thesis is to be a study of one of the branches of the chosen specialization.

The Master’s thesis is a 75-100 pages long research work typed or printed by a computer, handed in two copies. When preparing the Master’s thesis there should be taken into account “Methodical Instructions on the Writing of Graduation Papers” worked out by the academic Methodological Commission of the Faculty of Law. The Master’s thesis is estimated to the Academic Recognition System of 10 grades by Commission of Master’s Examinations. If the work does not comply with the requirements of the Master’s thesis, a repeated presentation is allowed once again not sooner than the next academic year.

IV. Studies Program
Full Time Master’s Program

I. Semester

I. Mandatory Courses for all the students

Courses	Hours in week	Hours in semester	Credits	Form of Control
1. Legal Technique	1	16	1	E
2. Problems of Application and Interpretation of Legal Norms	1	16	1	E
3. Sociology of Law	1	16	1	E
4. Philosophy of Law	1	16	1	E
Total	4	64	4

II. Courses for specialization

1. 
   Constitutional and Administrative Law
   

Courses	Hours in week	Hours in semester	Credits	Form of Control
1. Comparative Constitutional Law	3	48	3	E
2. Current Problems of Administrative Law	2	32	2	E
Total	5	80	5

2. 
   Private Law
   

Courses	Hours in week	Hours in semester	Credits	Form of Control
1. Problems of Contract Law and Delict Law	3	48	3	E
2. Problems of Property Law and Inheritance Law	3	48	3	E
Total	6	96	6

3. Criminal Law

Courses	Hours in week	Hours in semester	Credits	Form of Control
1. Problems of Criminal Law	3	48	3	E
2. Problems of Criminal Procedure	3	48	3	E
Total	6	96	6

4. International Law

Courses	Hours in week	Hours in semester	Credits	Form of Control
1. Problems of International Public Law	3	48	3	E
2. Problems of International Private Law	3	48	3	E
Total	6	96	6

5. Theory of Law, History of Law and Political Science

Courses	Hours in week	Hours in semester	Credits	Form of Control
1. Doctrine of Legal Method	2	32	2	E
2. General Theory of the State	2	32	2	E
3. Comparative Constitutional Law	3	48	3	E
Total	7	112	7

III. Research Paper

4 credits.

II. Semester

I. Courses for specialization

1. 
   Constitutional and Administrative Law
   

Courses	Hours in week	Hours in semester	Credits	Form of Control
1. Current Problems of Administrative Procedure	2	32	2	E
2. Mechanism of Drafting Legislative Acts	2	32	2	E
Total	4	64	4

2. 
   Private Law
   

Courses	Hours in week	Hours in semester	Credits	Form of Control
1. Methods of Research of Civil Law and Civil Procedure	2	32	2	E
2. Problems of Civil Procedure	1	16	1	E
Total	3	48	3

3. Criminal Law

Courses	Hours in week	Hours in semester	Credits	Form of Control
Problems of Criminology	3	48	3	E

4. International Law

Courses	Hours in week	Hours in semester	Credits	Form of Control
Maritime Law	3	48	3	E

5. Theory of Law, of History of Law and Political Science

Courses	Hours in week	Hours in semester	Credits	Form of Control
Mechanism of Drafting Legislative Acts	2	32	2	E

II. Presentation of Master’s Thesis

Master’s thesis - 23 credits.

III. Master’s Final Examination

Master’s examination takes place at the end of the Master’s Program.

IV. Means of Realization of Studies Program

1. The list of lecturers

1. 
   Ilmârs Biøers, Prof., Dr.habil.iur.
   
2. 
   Reihards Dombrovskis, Prof., Dr.habil.iur.
   
3. 
   Uldis Krastiðø, Prof., Dr.habil.iur.
   
4. 
   Edgars Melæisis, Prof., Dr.habil.iur.
   
5. 
   Jânis Strautmanis, Prof., Dr.habil.iur.
   
6. 
   Kalvis Torgâns, Prof., Dr.habil.iur.
   
7. 
   Ilma Àepâne, Associate Prof., Dr.iur.
   
8. 
   Vizma Dubure, Associate Prof., Dr.iur.
   
9. 
   Aivars Fogels, Associate Prof., Dr.iur.
   
10. 
    Ilgvars Krastiðø, Associate Prof., Dr.iur.
    
11. 
    Rolands Krauze, Associate Prof., Dr.iur.
    
12. 
    Valentija Liholaja, Associate Prof., Dr.iur.
    
13. 
    Zigurds Mikainis, Associate Prof., Dr.iur.
    
14. 
    Jânis Rozenbergs, Associate Prof., Dr.iur.
    
15. 
    Valters Øulcs, Associate Prof., Dr.iur.
    
16. 
    Juris Jelâgins, Lecturer
    
17. 
    Gunârs Kusiðø, Lecturer
    
18. 
    Ineta Ziemele, Lecturer
    

2. Technical basis

For the realization of the program the technical basis of the Faculty of Law is used; lecture rooms, libraries, computers. Students can also use other libraries of the University of Latvia (the Library of the University of Latvia, Library of EuroFaculty) and outside it.

3. Financing

The Master’s Program is financed by the state or by legal entities or physical persons. The number of vacancies financed by the state is determined by the Senate of the University of Latvia. The number of vacancies financed by the physical persons and legal entities is determined by the Board of the Faculty of Law, the fee is determined by the Senate of the University of Latvia on the proposal of the Board of the Faculty of Law.

Doctrine of Legal Method

Duration of the Course: 32 hours, 2 credits

Department: Department of the Theory of Law and Political Science

Supervisor of the course: Prof. Edgars Meîæisis,

Assistant Guna Japiða

The course is included in the Academic Curriculum for the Master of Laws Degree in Theory of Law, History of Law and Political Science.

Summary of the Course:

the course studies the judicial methods used in the process of legal regulation; in accordance with a law these methods help to transform the will of legislator into concrete legal relations. There is shown the judicial syllogism and its functions in the application of legal norms. There are analysed judicial methods to be applied to make law function and regulate social relations so that they become effective and the law is in action.

LITERATURE:

1. 
     
   
2. 
   
   
3. 
   Zippelius R. Juristische Methodenlehre, 6. Auflage, München, 1994.
   
4. 
   K. Larenz. Methodenlehre der Rechtswissenschaft. 3. Auflage. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1995.
   
5. 
   K. Adomeit. Normlogik - Methodenlehre - Rechtspolitologie. Berlin, 1986.
   
6. 
   J. H. Farrar, A. M. Dugdale. Introduction to Legal Method. Third Edition. London 1990.
   

Philosophy of Law

Duration of the Course: 16 hours, 1 credits

Department: Department of the Theory of Law and Political Science

Author: Lecturer Juris Jelâgins

The course is included in the Academic Curriculum for the Master of Laws Degree as a mandatory subject.

Summary of the Course:

the course presents a short review of the history of philosophy of law and its role in the science of laws and judicial practice. The course studies the following fundamental problems: positivistic understanding of law; legal understanding of natural law; understanding of law in contemporary Latvia; the common and the difference in law and morality; law as a minimum of morality; the mutual relations between law and morality; values, principles and norms of law; man as the highest value; the principle of justice; the principle of equality; the principle of commensurability.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ACADEMIC RECOGNITION SYSTEM OF THE COURSE: three written tests or a paper, an exam.

LITERATURE:

1. 
   
   
2. 
   
   
3. 
   Vìnzarâjs N. Jèdzienu jurisprudence.// Tieslietu Ministrijas Vèstnesis. - 1937. - Nr. 1. - 45.-71. lpp.
   
4. 
   Greenawalt K. Conflicts of Law and Morality. - Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.
   
5. 
   Hart H.L.A. The Concept of Law. - Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.
   
6. 
   Rawls J.A. Theory of Justice. - Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971.
   
7. 
   Zippelius R. Rechtsphilosophie./3.Aufl. - München: Beck, 1994.
   
8. 
   N. Horn. Einführung in die Rechtswissenschaft und Rechtsphilosophie. Heidelberg 1996.
   
9. 
   M. D. Bayles. Hart`s Legal Philosophy. Dordrecht, Boston, London 1992.
   

Problems of Application and Interpretation of Legal Norms and

Legal Technique

Duration of the courses: Problems of Application and Interpretation of Legal Norms: 16 hours, 1 credit;

Legal Technique: 16 hours, 1 credit

Department: Department of the Theory of Law and Political Science

Supervisors of the courses: Prof. Edgars Meîæisis, lecturer Gunârs Kusiðø

The courses ARE included in the Academic Curriculum for the Master of Laws Degree as mandatory subjects.

Summary of the CourseS:

The objective of the course “Problems of Application and Interpretation of Legal Norms” is to present a deep understanding of the problems of application and interpretation of legal norms. The course gives both theoretical knowledge and case practice. The course also studies the problems related to the application of legal norms, the constituent parts of the process of the application of legal norms, stages of the application of legal norms, the essence and methods of the interpretation of legal norms, the normative basis of the interpretation of legal norms, the influence of legal principles on the process of the application of norms. The course “Legal Technique” deals with the problems of drafting legal texts and documents.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ACADEMIC RECOGNITION SYSTEM IN EACH OF BOTH COURSES: an exam.

LITERATURE:

1. 
    
   
2. 
    
   
3. 
   E. Ott. Die Methode der Rechtsanwendung. Zürich, 1979.
   
4. 
   H. Bartholmeyczik. Die Kunst der Gesetzauslegung. Frankfurt Am Main, 1951.
   
5. 
   F. Mueller. Juristische Methodik. 4. Auflage. Berlin, 1990.
   
6. 
   P. Nerhot (Editor). Law, Interpretation and Reality. Dordrecht, Boston, London, 1990.
   
7. 
   N. MacCormic, R. S. Summers. Interpreting Statutes. Aldershot, Brookfield USA, Hong Kong, Singapore, Sydney 1995.
   
8. 
   Edmund M. A. Kwaw. The Guide to Legal Analysis, Legal Methodology and Legal Writing. Toronto 1992.
   
9. 
   M. Costanzo. Legal Writing. London 1994.
   

Sociology of Law

Duration of the Course: 16 hours, 1 credits

Department: Department of the Theory of Law and Political Science

Author: Associate Professor Ilgvars Krastiðø

The course is included in the Academic Curriculum for the Master of Laws Degree as mandatory subject.

PRECONDITIONS OF THE ACQUISITION OF THE COURSE: the course is to be acquired after the acquisition of the theory of law and philosophy of law.

Summary of the Course:

the course studies the interrelation of sociology of law and law, philosophy of law and other social sciences, there is given a short history of development of sociology of law, and analysed the concept, methods and objects of sociology of law. A special attention is paid to the problems of implementation and effectiveness of law, as well as to the scientific and practical function of sociology of law.

THEMATIC STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE:

1. 
   concept of sociology of law;
   
2. 
   a historic review of the development of sociology of law;
   
3. 
   methods;
   
4. 
   object;
   
5. 
   functions;
   
6. 
   the problems of implementation of law and effectiveness.
   

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ACADEMIC RECOGNITION SYSTEM OF THE COURSE: a test, an exam..

LITERATURE:

1. 
   I. Krastiðø. Tiesìbu doktrìnas. Rìga, 1996.
   
2. 
   Vispârìgâs tiesìbu teorijas un valstszinâtnes atziðas. Rìga, 1997, 34.-40., 89.-100. lpp.
   
3. 
   M. Rehbinder. Rechtssoziologie. 3. Auflage. Berlin, New York. 1993.
   

General Theory of the State

Duration of the Course: 32 hours, 2 credits

Department: Department of the Theory of Law and Political Science

Supervisor of the course: Lecturer Aigars Strupiøs,

Assistant Sanita Osipova

The course is included in the Academic Curriculum for the Master of Laws Degree in Theory of Law, History of Law and Political Science.

Summary of the Course:

the objective of the course is to show different state structures, aspects of their activities and interactions. The state is shown in several aspects: as a social phenomenon, as a political phenomenon and as a structural form of power. Different doctrines on the state of the most popular world ideologies are given.

THEMATIC STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE:

1. 
   philosophical dimension of the state (state theories; state and freedoms; principles of equality and justice);
   
2. 
   sociological dimension of the state (society as a social organisation and its substructures; social culture and social norms; social conflicts and the role of the state in their settlement);
   
3. 
   organisational (institutional) dimension of the state (constitutional, territorial and political forms of the state; state institutions);
   
4. 
   functional aspects of the state (tasks and the functions of the state; the limits of the state interference);
   
5. 
   changes in the state and society legitimacy.
   

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ACADEMIC RECOGNITION SYSTEM OF THE COURSE: an exam.

LITERATURE:

1. 
   Kjellins, R. Valsts kâ dzìves forma. Rìga 1929.
   
2. 
   Krastiðø, Ilgvars. Valsts un tiesìbu teorija. Rìga 1985.
   
3. 
   Dahl, Robert A.. Democracy and Its Critics. New Haven 1989.
   
4. 
   Dunleavy, Patrick / O’Leary, Brendan.. Theories of the State: The Politics of Liberal Democracy. London 1987.
   
5. 
   Hague, Rod / Harrop, Martin. Comparative Government and Politics. London 1987.
   

Problems of Contract Law and Delict Law

Duration of the Course: 48 hours, 3 credits

Department: Department of Civil Law

Supervisor of the course: Professor Kalvis Torgâns

The course is included in the Academic Curriculum for the Master of Laws Degree in Private Law.

Summary of the Course:

the course studies theoretical and practical problems of contract law and delict law in Latvia , fundamental rules of these relations in the law and research of the European and other foreign countries.

THEMATIC STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE:

the course studies the following themes:

1. 
   Transformation of the concept of liability in Europe and the problems of law harmonisation in Latvia.
   

1. 
   The concept of blame and its role in the settlement of liability problem in the jurisdiction of different countries.
   
2. 
   The concept of liability and its functions and separation from insurance, risk, localisation of losses and others.
   
3. 
   The principle of strict liability and its application in Latvia.
   
4. 
   Regulation in the law of the Republic of Latvia “On the Safety of Goods and Services and the Liability of a Producer and Service Renderer” (26.09.96.) and its comparison with the doctrines of the EU.
   
5. 
   The means of legal protection.
   
6. 
   The fundamentals of liability and its limits in transformation.
   
7. 
   Forms of fines and their differentiation from interest rates.
   
8. 
   The concept of losses and damage in legal acts of the Republic of Latvia and the ways of their application, harmonisation.
   

2. 
   Mortgage, warranty, downpayment and other forms of reinforcement in contract law. Nonpossession mortgages. The register of mortgages.
   
3. 
   Contracts in the draft of commercial code and experience of other countries.
   

1. 
   The role of an offer and its annulment.
   
2. 
   The compliance of goods to the contract, the check of the compliance and expertises.
   
3. 
   The prolongation of the term of the contract.
   
4. 
   The rights of a unilateral termination of the contract, cancellation claims.
   
5. 
   The structure of commercial code of Germany and the USA.
   

4. 
   The classification of delicts. The concept of damage. The fundamentals of liability. Causality. Liability for health damages, death, injuries. Offences of honour, respect and personal freedom. The limits of liability of a legal entity and its officials. Property damages.
   

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ACADEMIC RECOGNITION SYSTEM OF THE COURSE: an exam.

LITERATURE:

1. 
     
   
2. 
   
   
3. 
     
   
4. 
      
   
5. 
   
   
6. 
   German Private and Commercial Law: An Introduction. By N.Horn, H.Kotz, H.Leser.Oxford. 1982. Ch. 5. Contract, Ch. Breach of Contract, Ch. 13. Commercial Law.
   
7. 
   Binding Force of Contract. Budapest, 1991, p. 7.-97.
   
8. 
   Contracts (in a nutshell). Gordon D. Schabex, Claude D.Rohwer. 1991. Ch. VIII. Remedies, Ch. XII. Events that excuse performance.
   
9. 
   Commercial Law. Gordon, Borie. London., 1988.
   
10. 
    K.Torgâns. Commercial Activity in Latvia. - Humanities and Social Sciences. Latvia. 1995. Nr. 1(6), p. 29-49.
    
11. 
    K.Torgâns, M.Jemeîjanova, V.Burkovska. Produkcijas kvalitâte, likums, patèrètâju tiesìbas. R., 1994., 3. nod., 6. nod., 10. nod., pielikumi 1. un 2. (ES direktìvas par produktu droøumu).
    
12. 
    V.Burkovska. Product Safety in Latvia. - The Implementation Process of E.U. Directives on Product safety, Product Liability and Unfair Contract Terms. Belgium. 1995., p. 125.-130.
    
13. 
    K.Torgâns. Product Liability in Latvia. - The Implementation Process of E.U. Directives on Product safety, Product Liability and Unfair Contract Terms. Belgium. 1995., p. 179.-185.
    
14. 
    Lectures on product Liability. University of Helsinki. 1990., p. 19.-62.
    
15. 
    Contracts. E. Allan Farnsworth, Boston, Toronto, 1982.
    
16. 
    Edward J.Murphy, Richard E.Speidel. Studies in Contract Law. New York, 1991.
    
17. 
    G.H. Treitel. The Law of Contract. 9-th edition, London., 1995.
    
18. 
    Cheshire, Fifoot and Furmston`s Law of Contract. 13-th edition, London, Edinburgh, Dublin 1996.
    
19. 
    Chitty on Contracts. Volume I: General Principles, London 1994.
    
20. 
    J. Cooke. Law of Tort, London 1995.
    
21. 
    W. V. H. Rogers. Winfield and Jolowicz on Tort, London 1994.
    
22. 
    F. H. Lawson, B. S. Markesinis. Tortious Liability for Unintentional Harm in the Common Law and the Civil Law, Volume I, Cambridge1982.
    
23. 
    Ch. v. Bar. Gemeineuropäisches Deliktsrecht, I. Band, München 1996.
    
24. 
    H. Kötz. Deliktsrecht, 7. Auflage, Neuwied, Kriftel, Berlin, 1996.
    
25. 
    D. Medicus. Gesetzliche Schuldverhältnisse, 3. Auflage, München 1996.
    

Problems of Property Law and Inheritance Law

Duration of the course: 48 hours, 3 credits

Department: Department of Civil Law

Supervisor of the course: Associate Professor Rolands Krauze

THE COURSE IS INCLUDED in the Academic Curriculum for the Master of Laws Degree in Private Law.
PRECONDITIONS OF THE ACQUISITION OF THE COURSE: acquisition of fundamentals of Property Law and Inheritance Law

SUMMARY OF THE COURSE: the course concentrates on the relevant problems of Property Law and Inheritance Law and deals with the practical implementation of current regulations of Latvian Property Law and Inheritance Law.

THEMATIC STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE:

I. Problems of Property Law:

1. Legal remedies for deprivation of possession and ownership

2. Protection of Property Rights during restitution of expropriated property and privatization of state and communal enterprises in Latvia

3. Land Register and its Functions

4. Separated ownership of land and buildings in Latvian law

5. Legal problems of co-ownership

6. Apartment ownership

7. Security interests in real estate and personal property

a) Mortgages over land

b) Possessory pledges on movable assets

c) The new regulations on non-possessory liens in Latvian Law and their practical implementation

II. Problems of Inheritance Law:

1. Problems of testamentary succession

2. Problems of intestate succession

3. Legal relations between coheirs and partiation among coheirs

4. Legacies and devises in wills and in contracts of inheritance

5. Legal problems of recognition of property rights of heirs of owners unlawfully expropriated by Soviet authorities

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ACADEMIC RECOGNITION SYSTEM OF THE COURSE: an exam

LITERATURE:

1.   

  

4. F. Baur, J. F. Baur, R. Stürner. Lehrbuch des Sachenrechts 16. Auflage. München 1992.

5. K.-H. Schwab, H. Prütting. Sachenrecht. 26. Auflage. München 1996.

H. P. Westermann. BGB-Sachenrecht. 9. Auflage. Heidelberg 1994.

6. R. Krauze, Z. Gencs. Civillikuma komentāri. Mantojuma (382.- 840. p.). Rģga 1997.

7. R. Krauze. Mantojuma tiesģbas. 2. izdevums, Rģga 1997.

8. Z. Gencs. Mantojumu kārtoųana. Rģga 1996.

9. H. Brox. Erbrecht. 16. Auflage, Köln, Berlin, Bonn, München 1996.

10. W. Schlüter. Erbrecht. 13. Auflage. München 1996.

11. C. Th. Ebenroth. Erbrecht. München 1992

12. O. Dittmann, W. Reimann, M. Bengel. Testament und Erbvertrag. München 1986.

13. R. Kerridge. Parry & Clark: The Law of Succession. Tenth Edition. London 1996.

Methods of Civil Law and Civil Procedure Research

Duration of the Course: 32 hours, 2 credits

Department: Department of Civil Law

Supervisor of the course: Professor Kalvis Torgâns

The course is included in the Academic Curriculum for the Master of Laws Degree in Private Law.

Summary of the Course:

the course studies the types, methods, stages of research, approbation of results, putting into shape, defence.

THEMATIC STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE:

the course studies the following themes:

1. 
   objectives and elements of research;
   
2. 
   fundamental, applied and comparative research in jurisprudence;
   
3. 
   the choice of the problem and the evaluation of its suitability;
   
4. 
   studies of literature, avoidance of plagiarism;
   
5. 
   scientific polemic;
   
6. 
   the structure, conditions of narration, putting into shape;
   
7. 
   approbation and introduction of results;
   
8. 
   defence.
   

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ACADEMIC RECOGNITION SYSTEM OF THE COURSE: a research paper, an exam.

LITERATURE:

1. 
   M.L. Kennedy. Academic Writing. 1986.
   
2. 
   M.L. Kennedy. Writing in the disciplines. 1987
   
3. 
   M.J. Schenck. Read, write, revise. 1988.
   
4. 
   M.R. Theisen. Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten. 1991.
   
5. 
   Skots Dý. Bèrnems. Lìgumu sastâdìøana. R., 1995.
   

Problems of Civil Procedure

Duration of the Course: 16 hours, 1 credits

Department: Department of Civil Law

Supervisor of the course: Associate Professor Jânis Rozenbergs

The course is included in the Academic Curriculum for the Master of Laws Degree in Private Law.

Summary of the Course:

the course studies the procedure of civil disputes in court offices., jurisdiction of civil cases in the first instance, appellate and cassation courts, the order of implementation of court decisions, handling of civil cases in arbitrary courts.

THEMATIC STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE:

the course studies the following themes:

Cognizance of civil cases.

Legal relations of civil procedure.

Principles of the problems of civil procedure.

Jurisdiction of civil cases as a civil procedure.

The essence, basic features and the role of the form of civil procedure.

The preparation of civil case for trial.

Procedural participation and its types.

Legitimation of parties.

Objections to claims.

Onus probandi in civil cases.

Legal presumptions.

Jurisdiction of cases based on administrative legal relations.

The legality and control of court decisions.

The procedure of implementation.

Extra court forms of civil law defence.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ACADEMIC RECOGNITION SYSTEM OF THE COURSE: an exam.

LITERATURE:

1. 
   
   
2. 
   
   
3. 
   
   
4. 
    
   
5. 
   
   
6. 
   N. Andrews. Principles of Civil Procedure. London 1994.
   
7. 
   J. O`Hare, R. N. Hill. Civil Litigation. Seventh Edition. London 1996.
   
8. 
   S. Sime. A Practical Approach to Civil Procedure. London 1994.
   
9. 
   F. Baur. Zivilprozeßrecht. 8. Auflage. Neuwied, Kriftel, Berlin 1994.
   
10. 
    O. Jauernig. Zivilprozessrecht. 24. Auflage. München 1993.
    
11. 
    H. Thomas, H. Putzo. Zivilprozeßordnung. 20. Auflage. München 1997.
    

Problems of International Public Law

Duration of the Course: 48 hours, 3 credits

Department: Department of International and Maritime Law

Supervisor of the course: Associate Professor Aivars Fogels

The course is included in the Academic Curriculum for the Master of Laws Degree in International Law.

PRECONDITIONS OF THE ACQUISITION OF THE COURSE: the course is to be acquired after the acquisition of Fundamentals of International Law.

Summary of the Course:

the course acquaints with the problems of international law in the context of the realities of the world states and the sphere of the regulation of international relations in Latvia.

THEMATIC STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE:

1. 
   The role of international public law in the settlement of global and regional problems.
   
2. 
   International ecological law and its problems.
   
3. 
   International economic law.
   
4. 
   International humanitarian law.
   
5. 
   Up-to-date problems of the protection of human rights.
   
6. 
   International cooperation in crime prevention.
   
7. 
   International legal relations of Latvia, the problems of development.
   
8. 
   Latvia and the European Union.
   
9. 
   Activities of Latvia in EDSO (OSCE).
   

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ACADEMIC RECOGNITION SYSTEM OF THE COURSE: a research paper, an exam.

LITERATURE:

1. 
   Carter, Barry E., Trimble, Phillip R. International Law: Selected Documents - Boston: Litle, Brown and Company, 1991.
   
2. 
   Caeter, Barry E., Trimble, Phillip R. International Law: Selected Documents - Boston: Litle, Brown and Company, 1994.
   

SPECIAL LITERATURE:

1. 
   A.Fogels, O.Grìnbergs. Starptautiskâs tiesìbas. R. 1981.
   
2. 
   Rokasgrâmata par bègîa statusa noteikøanas procedúrâm un kritèrijiem. R., 1983.
   
3. 
   Akkerman Liber, - In - and outlaws in war. Räling Foundation, 1992.
   
4. 
   Beverly, Elizabeth. Public International Law. A Guide to Information Sources. - Great Britain. Mansell, 1993.
   
5. 
   Birnie, Patricia W.; Boyle, Alan E. International Law and the Environment. Oxford: Claredon, 1994.
   
6. 
   Eeckhout, piet. The European Internal market and International Trade.- Oxford: Claredon Press, 1994.
   
7. 
   Enderlein, Fritz; Maskow, Dietrich. International Sales Law: United Nations on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods: Convention on the Limitation Period in the International Sale of Goods: Comentary - New York: Oceana, 1992.
   
8. 
   International Economic Law: Basis Documents. - Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1993.
   
9. 
   McDougal, Myres S.; Reisman, W. Michael. International Law in Contemporary Perspective: The Public Order of the World Community: cases and Materials. - Mineola: Foundation, 1991.
   
10. 
    Principles of International Public Law. - Oxford: Clarendon, 1990.
    
11. 
    International Dimensions of Humanitarian Law: Geneva, 1988.
    
12. 
    Gross, Leo. Essays on International Law and Relations: in 2 vol. - New York, 1974.
    
13. 
    Charter of the United Nations and Statute of International Court of Justice. New York, 1974/
    
14. 
    Clapham A. Human Rights and the European Community. Baden- Baden, 1991.
    
15. 
    Seidl-Hohenveldern, Ignaz. Völkerrecht. 9. Auflage. Köln, Berlin, Bonn, München 1997.
    

Problems of International Private Law

Duration of the Course: 48 hours, 3 credits

Department: Department of International and Maritime Law

Supervisor of the course: Associate Professor Aivars Fogels

The course is included in the Academic Curriculum for the Master of Laws Degree in International Law.

PRECONDITIONS OF THE ACQUISITION OF THE COURSE: the course is to be acquired after the acquisition of Fundamentals of International Private Law and International Public Law, Civil Law, Civil Procedure, English, German.

Summary of the Course: the course provides detailled knowledge on the most relevant topics of International Private Law, deals with the regulations of International Private Law and their practical implementation in Latvia and abroad.
THEMATIC STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE:
I. General Part:

1. Sources of International Private Law.

2. Subjects of International Private Law.

3. Conflict of law rules.
II. Special Part:

1. Conflict of law rules related to Property Law.

2. Conflict of law rules related to Obligation Law.

3. Conflict of law rules related to Family Law.

4. Conflict of law rules related to Inheritance Law.

5. Confilict of law rules related to Employment Law.

6. International copyright.

7. International Civil Procedure

8. Influence of integration process on International Private Law.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ACADEMIC RECOGNITION SYSTEM OF THE COURSE: written exam.

LITERATURE:

1. 

2. A. Hermanis. Starptautiskâs privâtâs tiesìbas. Rìga 1940.

3. A. J. E. Jaffey. Introduction to the Conflict of Laws. London, Edinburgh 1988.

4. A. W. Scott. Private International Law. Conflict of Laws. Plymouth 1979.

5. P. M. North, J. J. Fawcett. Cheshire and North`s Private International Law. Twelfth edition. London, Dublin, Edinburgh 1992.

6. P. Stone. The Conflict of Laws. London, New York, 1995.

7. R. Smith. Conflict of Laws. London 1993.

8. K. Firsching, B. von Hofmann. Internationales Privatrecht. 5. Auflage, München 1997.

Maritime Law

Duration of the Course: 48 hours, 3 credits

Department: Department of International and Maritime Law

Supervisor of the course: Associate Professor Aivars Fogels

The course is included in the Academic Curriculum for the Master of Laws Degree in International Law.

PRECONDITIONS OF THE ACQUISITION OF THE COURSE: the course is to be acquired after the acquisition of Fundamentals of International Private Law and International Public Law, Civil Law, Civil Procedure, English, German.

Summary of the Course:

the course studies the most important problems of maritime law, its regulation and practical implementation in Latvia and foreign countries.

THEMATIC STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE:

Public Maritime law:

1. 
   Legal regime of internal sea waters of the state, legal status of foreign ships in internal sea waters, immunity of noncommercial state ships.
   
2. 
   A peaceful transit foreign ship being under civil jurisdiction of a coastal state.
   
3. 
   A peaceful transit foreign ship being under criminal jurisdiction of a coastal state.
   
4. 
   Legal regime of live and lifeless natural resources in sea waters and on its bottom, their obtaining, use and protection.
   
5. 
   Legal regulation of exploitation of the district, sea arbitration of Hamburg.
   

Navigation Law:

1. 
   Legal processing of the ship building and repairs, the use of a ship to insure obligations.
   
2. 
   The standard form of sea insurance contract.
   
3. 
   Time-charter.
   
4. 
   Cruise contract of a freight ship.
   
5. 
   Lease of a ship, bill of lading.
   
6. 
   Legal regulation of civil liability of the collision of ships.
   
7. 
   Standard forms of a salvation contract.
   
8. 
   Civil liability of sea pollution with oil and nuclear waste.
   
9. 
   Enforcement of maritime claims.
   
10. 
    Court jurisdiction of sea claims, enforcement of a claim, forced sail of a ship.
    

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ACADEMIC RECOGNITION SYSTEM OF THE COURSE: written exam.

LITERATURE:

TEXTBOOKS:

1. 
   Payne and Ivamy’s “Carriage of Goods by Sea”, London 1989.
   
2. 
   Christopher Hill “Maritime Law”, LLP Ltd., London, 1989.
   
3. 
   Chorley & Giles “Shipping Law”, Pitman Publishing, 1989.
   

MONOGRAPHS:

1. 
   F.Berlingeri. “Arrest of Ships”, LLP, CMI, 1992.
   
2. 
   E.R.H.Ivamy “Charmer’s Marine Insurance Act 1906”, Tenth edition, Butterworths, 1993.
   
3. 
   F.J.Buzek, H.M.C.Holdert “Collision cases Judgements and Diagrams”, Second Edition, LLP, 1990.
   
4. 
   Jackson “Enforcement of maritime Claims”, LLP, London, 1996.
   
5. 
   S.Mankabady “International Shipping Law”, Volume I, Euromoney Books, 1991.
   
6. 
   S.Mankabady “International Shipping Law”, Volume II, Euromoney Books, 1991.
   
7. 
   E.Vincenzini “International salvage Law”, LLP, 1992.
   
8. 
   de la Rue “Liability for Damage to the Marine Environment”, LLP, 1993.
   
9. 
   P.Griggs, R.Williams “Limitations of Liability for Maritime Claims”, Second Edition, LLP, 1991.
   
10. 
    D.R.Thomas “Maritime Liens”, Steevens & Sons, 1980.
    
11. 
    William Tetley, B.A., Li.L., Q.C. “Maritime Liens and Claims”, Canada.
    
12. 
    I.S.Goldrein “Ship Sale and Purchase”, LLP, 1985.
    

Mechanism of Drafting Legislative Acts

Duration of the Course: 32 hours, 2 credits

Department: Department of State Law

Supervisor of the course: Lecturer 

The course is included in the Academic Curriculum for the Master of Laws Degree in Constitutional and Administrative Law.

PRECONDITIONS OF THE ACQUISITION OF THE COURSE: the course is to be acquired after the acquisition of Theory of Law, Constitutional Law, Administrative law.

Summary of the Course:

the course studies the elaboration and processing of the laws of Latvia and their standard style.

THEMATIC STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE:

1. 
   Stages in the process of law drafting.
   
2. 
   The necessity and objective of a law.
   
3. 
   Drafting of the text of a law.
   
4. 
   The main requirements of the drafting and processing of laws.
   
5. 
   Users of laws.
   
6. 
   Inner structure of laws.
   
7. 
   Composition of sentences and the choice of words in laws.
   
8. 
   Requirements of processing and the text layout in laws.
   

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ACADEMIC RECOGNITION SYSTEM OF THE COURSE: an exam.

LITERATURE:

1. 
   
   

Comparative Constitutional Law

Duration of the Course: 48 hours, 2 credits

Department: Department of State Law

Supervisor of the course: Associate Professor Valdis Cielava

The course is included in the Academic Curriculum for the Master of Laws Degree in Constitutional and Administrative Law.

PRECONDITIONS OF THE ACQUISITION OF THE COURSE: the course is to be acquired after the acquisition of Constitutional Law, Latvia’s Constitutional Law.

Summary of the Course:

the course studies the phenomena of harmonization and integration process in the sphere of the institutes of constitutional law of different states, acquaints with comparative studies of modern constitutional doctrines, values and the types of states, making use of the experience of many countries. The course shows the place and role of constitutional law among other branches of law. This knowledge is important for the improvement of constitutional law of Latvia.

THEMATIC STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE:

1. 
   The subject of comparative constitutional law, specific character, method, main contents and sources. A branch of contemporary comparative constitutional law.
   
2. 
   Doctrines, concepts and principles of contemporary constitutionalism.
   
3. 
   A comparative analysis of different constitutional structures: the common and the different.
   
4. 
   Interaction of international law and constitutions.
   
5. 
   Mechanisms of constitutional regulation of institutes and institutions of state power.
   

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ACADEMIC RECOGNITION SYSTEM OF THE COURSE: a research paper, an exam.

LITERATURE:

1. 
   Constitutions of the countries of the world. - New York, Ocean publication, 1994., Vol. 1 - 18.
   
2. 
   Constitution making in Eastern Europe. - Baltimor, 1993.
   
3. 
   Ducat Craig R., Chase Harold. Modern Constitutional Law. - New York, 1992.
   
4. 
   The development of modern constitutionalism. - New York, 1995.
   
5. 
   E. C. S. Wade, A. W. Bradley. Constitutional and Administrative Law. Elewenth Edition. London 1993.
   
6. 
   Stephen T. Early Jr. and others. Responsible Government. American and British. - London, 1995.
   
7. 
   James Mac Gregor Burns and Peltoson J.W. with Thomas E. Cronin. Goverment by the People. National Edition. - Washington, 1993.
   
8. 
   S. E. Finer, V. Bogdanor, B. Rudden. Comparing Constitutions. Oxford 1995.
   
9. 
   J. Ipsen. Staatsrecht: 1. (Staatsorganisationsrecht). 8. Auflage, Neuwied, Kriftel, Berlin, 1996.
   
10. 
    J. Ipsen. Staatsrecht: 2. (Grundrechte). Neuwied, Kriftel, Berlin 1997.
    

Current Problems of Administrative Law

Duration of the Course: 16 hours, 2 credits

Department: Department of State Law

Supervisor of the course: 

The course is included in the Academic Curriculum for the Master of Laws Degree in Constitional and Administrative Law.

PRECONDITIONS OF THE ACQUISITION OF THE COURSE: the course is to be acquired after the acquisition of Administrative Law, the Fundamentals of Administrative Procedure.

Summary of the Course:

the course studies the development of reforms of state administration in Latvia and its further perspectives, the role of administrative law in this process. The administrative law of Latvia is compared with administrative law of other states.

THEMATIC STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE:

1. 
   The concept of the reform of state administration in Latvia and the process of its implementation.
   
2. 
   Structural problems of the system of state administration.
   
3. 
   The essence of the realisation of the reform of state administration.
   
4. 
   Acts of state administration and their strict standards.
   
5. 
   The improvement of control of state administration.
   
6. 
   The relations between state administration and other state structures.
   
7. 
   The formation of administrative procedural law as an independent branch of law.
   

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ACADEMIC RECOGNITION SYSTEM OF THE COURSE: a research paper, an exam.

1. 
   P. Badura, D. Ehlers u. a. Allgemeines Verwaltungsrecht. Berlin, New York, W. de Gruyter, 1992.
   
2. 
   H. Faber. Verwaltungsrecht. - Tübingen, Mohr, 1983.
   
3. 
   H. Maurer. Allgemeines Vewaltungsrecht. 11. Auflage. München 1997.
   
4. 
   R. Schweickhardt. Allgemeines Verwaltungsrecht. 7. Auflage, Stuttgart, Berlin, Köln 1995.
   
5. 
   U. Steiner. Besonderes Verwaltungsrecht. 5. Auflage. Heidelberg 1995.
   
6. 
   I. Richter, G. F. Schuppert. Casebook Verwaltungsrecht. 2. Auflage. München 1995.
   
7. 
   Reid R., David H. Administrative Law and Practice. - Toronto, Butterworth, 1978.
   
8. 
   W. Wade, C. Forsyth. Administrative Law. Seventh Edition. Oxford 1994.
   
9. 
   G. Richardson, H. Genn. Administrative Law and Government Action, Oxford 1994.
   

Current Problems of Administrative Procedure

Duration of the Course: 32 hours, 2 credits

Department: Department of State Law

Supervisor of the course: Associate Professor Zigurds Mikainis

The course is included in the Academic Curriculum for the Master of Laws Degree in Constitutional and Administrative Law.

PRECONDITIONS OF THE ACQUISITION OF THE COURSE: the course is to be acquired after the acquisition of Administrative Law, the Fundamentals of Administrative Procedure.

Summary of the Course:

the course studies the process of administrative activities, its features in different spheres of state administration, experience of other states.

THEMATIC STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE:

1. 
   The relations of administrative procedure as a subject of legal relations.
   
2. 
   The importance of administrative procedure law in the enforcement of human rights.
   
3. 
   Features of administrative procedure in different spheres of state administration.
   
4. 
   Review of foreign administrative procedure law.
   

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ACADEMIC RECOGNITION SYSTEM OF THE COURSE: a research paper, an exam.

LITERATURE:

1. 
   F. Hufen. Verwaltungsprozeßrecht. 2. Auflage. München 1996.
   
2. 
   W.-R. Schenke. Verwaltungsprozeßrecht. 5. Auflage. München 1997.
   
3. 
   J. Schwabe. Verwaltungsprozeßrecht. 4. Auflage 1996.
   
4. 
   W. Schmitt Glaeser. Verwaltungsprozeßrecht. 12. Auflage. Stuttgart, München, Hannover, Berlin, Weimar 1993.
   
5. 
   F. O. Kopp. Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz. 6. Auflage. München 1996.
   

Problems of Criminal Law

Duration of the Course: 48 hours, 3 credits

Department: Department of Criminal Law

Supervisor of the course:

The course is included in the Academic Curriculum for the Master of Laws Degree in Criminal Law.

Summary of the Course:

the course studies the main problems of general and special parts of criminal law. The general part of criminal law studies legal norms of violations which are considered crimes, the reasons of criminal responsibility, types of punishments imposed on the accused persons, on what conditions the punishment is imposed and in what cases the accused may be released from criminal responsibility. The general part of criminal law studies legal norms which regulate concrete corpus delicti, analyses their features, regulates the differentiation problems of the related corpus delicti, studies the problems of qualification of crimes.

THEMATIC STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE:

a special criminal subject and the problems of its responsibility. Problems of guilt in criminal law. Theoretical problems connected with the responsibility for complicity. Theoretical aspects of a diversity of crimes. Treason. Crimes against person. Ecological crimes. Economic crimes. Malfeasance and crimes against jurisdiction. Crimes against social order, social security and health of the population.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ACADEMIC RECOGNITION SYSTEM OF THE COURSE: an exam.

LITERATURE:

1. 
   C. T. Sistare. Responsibility and Criminal Liability. Dordrecht, Bostaon, London 1989.
   
2. 
   C. M. V. Clarkson. Understanding Criminal Law. London 1995.
   
3. 
   J. C. Smith, B. Hogan. Criminal Law. London, Dublin, Edinburgh 1992.
   
4. 
   D. W. Elliot, M. J. Allen. Casebook on Criminal Law. London 1993.
   
5. 
   H. Tröndle. Strafgesetzbuch und Nebengesetze. 48. Auflage. München 1997.
   
6. 
   J. Wessels. Strafrecht. Allgemeiner Teil. 27. Auflage. Heidelberg 1997.
   
7. 
   J. Wessels. Strafrecht. Besonderer Teil/1. 21. Auflage. Heidelberg 1997.
   
8. 
   J. Wessels. Strafrecht. Besonderer Teil/2. 20. Auflage. Heidelberg 1997.
   

Problems of Criminal Procedure

Duration of the Course: 48 hours, 3 credits

Department: Department of Criminal Law

Supervisor of the course: Lecturer Varis Klotiðø

The course is included in the Academic Curriculum for the Master of Laws Degree in Criminal Law.

Summary of the Course:

criminal procedure is a branch of law which studies the activities of courts, prosecutor’s office, the offices of preliminary investigation which handle and try criminal cases, analyses legislative norms, their interpretation and settle problems of the improvement of legislation.

THEMATIC STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE:

procedural forms and the ways of their settlement. Legal problems of bringing a case to court. Problems of damage compensation because of a crime. The concept of procedural coercive measures. Problems of increasing effectivity of security measures. Activities of investigation. Information obtained in an objective way and problems of the use of evidence. Investigation and proof in criminal procedure. Preliminary investigation and its problems. The jury, its advantages and disadvantages. The truth in criminal procedure.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ACADEMIC RECOGNITION SYSTEM OF THE COURSE: an exam.

LITERATURE:

1. 
   C. Roxin. Strafverfahrensrecht. 24. Auflage, München 1995.
   
2. 
   Th. Kleinknecht, K. Meyer, L. Meyer-Goßner. Strafprozeßordnung. 43. Auflage, München 1997.
   
3. 
   P. Murphy. Murphy on Evidence. Fifth Edition. London 1995.
   
4. 
   A. Keane. The Modern Law of Evidence. Third Edition. London, Dublin, Edinburgh 1994.