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Problems in translating English prepositions into Uzbek.
Dilshoda Rahimjonova Abubakir qizi
Master student of FerSU
+998911085838
Annotation: Prepositions have great importance in learning English language. The large number of prepositions and their polysemantic nature may raise difficulties in the process of translation in many languages . Uzbek is no exception. This article analyzes some of the problems encountered when translating English prepositions into Uzbek.
Basic phrases: prepositions, nouns and pronouns, translator, language spirit, difficulties.
Learning a language means learning the grammar of that language as well. Learning about grammar and its subdivisions, parts of speech and how to share them with each other on their use should begin with the study. Prepositions, which can be important in language, play an important role in mastering English. Information about prepositions was necessary for every user of the English language because they helped to fill in the intended content of the sentence.
The preposition is a word or phrase that shows relationship between the words in the sentence. According to J. Yates, the word preposition has a definite definition: it comes before a noun or a pronoun and determines its relation to another word in the sentence. Moreover, Kovan also described the subject of treatment and other words in the sentence, by the group demonstrating the indicators of the relationship. His words demonstrate important tasks of prepositions: for example, they compose phrases from nouns and pronouns and connect these phrases to other parts of speech. The author has substantiated his point by exemplifying the tasks of performing time, space, situation, cause, and other relationships. Based on the above definitions, a preposition is a word in a sentence that connects nouns, rhymes, and phrases and indicates the spatial, temporal, and logical relationships between people, objects, and places. They always come side by side with nouns, pronouns and sometimes with gerund verbs. There are approximately 150 prepositions in English. Although they are in smaller numbers than other word groups, they are used in more cases than other parts of speech. Prepositions are called “the biggest little words” in English because they have very important functions. They are important conjunctions among parts of speech.
According to New Mark, translation, along with words, sentence structure, style, attitude, and form, transfers meaning from one language to another. When translating from English to Uzbek, or vice versa, students almost always face problems because the English and Uzbek languages are different and the rules are different. The main problem is not only to choose an alternative preposition, but also to understand the use of English prepositions in Uzbek and English. We know that there is no alternative version of any English preposition in Uzbek. Prepositions are units that reflect the important potential of the English language and express a specific grammatical meaning. Due to the fact that prepositions are adequate means for auxiliary words in Uzbek, and Uzbek auxiliary words are equal to cases both in the meaning and function, proportionality and disproportionality between them plays an important role when translating prepositions. Generally, synonymy of cases and auxiliary words in the Uzbek language is one of the possibilities of the Uzbek language to render the meanings of prepositions. When translating prepositions one must take into account all the above mentioned types of meanings as a unit and not forget that a single preposition can have different meanings in the language of translation. Word by word translation of prepositions can lead to a literally incorrect translation. For example, the preposition by is mostly translated as yaqinida, yonida, or tomonidan. However, its use is very common and requires special attention from any learner in the translation process. According to Garbowski, translation is a social task that connects people between different languages, and this task depends on the personal ability of the translator.
They finally made up their minds to go by boat. - Oxir-oqibat, ular qayiq orqali borishga qaror qilishdi.
Cats sleep by day and hunts by night.- Mushuklar kunduzi uxlab, tun davomida ov qilishadi.
The book “David Copperfield” was written by Charles Dickens.- Devid Koperfild kitobi Charlz Dikkens tomonidan yozilgan.
In such sentences, the meaning of the preposition "by" can be understood with the help of a dictionary. But in some cases, this preposition can also mean a strong emotion or a promise. For example,
By God, he’s done it. – Xudo haqi, u buni qildi.
Give me the cup; let go; by heaven I’ll have it.- Menga kosani ber; qo’yib yubor; Osmonga qasamki, men buni olaman.
Also, not everyone knows that the word "but" can also be used as a preposition. For example,
Who but George would have done such a thing. –Jorjdan boshqa kim ham bunday ish qilardi.
It can be difficult to translate such statements, as even a small mistake can change the meaning. The translator should pay more attention to the possibilities of the language and try to find a phrase that adequately reflects the same content, that is, "work". In other words, the interpreter must feel the spirit of the language.
In short, due to differences between languages, English prepositions may in some cases change their meaning or the form of direct translation when translated into Uzbek. One of the most difficult tasks for a translator is to convey the original meaning of the text without losing the spirit of the target language.
References:
1. Walker, B. L. Basic English grammar. Baltimore, Maryland, USA Yates J.(1999), the ins and outs of prepositions, New York Barron’s educational series.
2. New Mark,(1988). Introduction to the grammar of English. Cambridge university press. Cambridge.
3. Garbovsky, (2004). Theory of translation. MSU publishing company. Moscow.
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