Principles of classification of English consonants and vowels Principles of classification of English consonants

Лексикологія:

1. The English wordstock as a system.

 

 

The modem English vocabulary falls into two main sets: native words and borrowings.

Native words belong to the original English worcf-stock and are known from the earliest Old English manuscripts. It is customary to subdivide native words into those of the ^do-^ropean^tock and those of the common Ger­manic origin. The formernaw cogmttfesmthe vocabularies of all or most Indo- European languages, whereas the latter have cognates only in Germanic lan­guages, but not in Romance* ^laronic or other languages of the Indo-European family. Several linguists areiticttnialo the opinion that there exist specifically English words which have no cognates in other languages and constitute the English proper element of the vocabulary.

Up to 70 per cent of the English vocabulary are borrowings from various foreign languages, mainly Latin, French, and Scandinavian.

-- English vocabulary as a system, the main peculiarities of English word-stock, the origin of English words, neologisms and archaisms

1.1 English vocabulary as a system

Modern English Lexicologyaims at giving a systematic description of the word-stock of Modern English. It treats the following basic problems:

-- Basic problems

-- Semasiology;

-- Word-Structure;

-- Word-Formation;

-- Etymology of the English Word-Stock;

-- Word-Groups and Phraseological Units;

-- Variants, dialects of the E. Language;

-- English Lexicography.

 

System is a set of competing possibilities in language, together with the rules for choosing them.

Structuralism recognized that a language is best viewed as a system of elements, with each element being chiefly defined by its place within the system, by the way it is related to other elements.

Language systems:

-- speech

-- syntactic

-- lexical

-- morphological

-- phonetical

Modern approaches to the problem of study of a language system are characterised by two different levels of study: syntagmatic and paradigmatic.