Практическая грамматика

Will you have a cup of tea?
Will you wait a moment, please?
Won’t you take off your overcoat?
Note. The modal verb will should not be confused with the auxiliary will in American English where there is a marked tendency to use it with all the persons.
2. Persistence referring to the present or to the future.
«Don't tell me.» «But I will tell you,» repeated Sikes. (Dickens)
«Не рассказывайте мне об этом». «Но я все равно расскажу».
I try to persuade him but he won’t listen to my reasons.
Я пытаюсь его убедить, но он не желает слушать моих доводов.
It is also used in speaking about lifeless things when the speaker is annoyed at something and speaks about a thing or a phenomenon of nature as if it possessed a will of its own (there is an element of personification here).
It's no use trying to open the door, it will not open.
Не стоит пытаться открыть дверь: она не откроется.
§ 10. Would.
Would was originally the past tense of will in the same way as should was the past tense of shall. But while the latter has acquired new shades of meaning, would has preserved those of will. Thus it expresses volition, persistence referring to the past.
1. Volition. In this meaning it is mostly used in negative sentences.
She was going away and would not say where she was going.
Она уезжала и не хотела сказать, куда.
Ms. Ivors, who had put on her hat and was buttoning her cloak, would not stay. (Joyce)
2. Persistence.
I asked him not to bang the door, but he would do it.
Я просил его не хлопать дверью, а он все продолжал хлопать. Several times Eckerman tried to get away, but Goethe would
not let him go. (Maugham)
Несколько раз Эккерман пытался уйти, но Гете не пускал его.
It is also used in speaking about lifeless things in the same way as will, but in this use would is more common than will.
The handle turned, but the door would not open.
3. Closely connected with the primary meaning of volition is the use of would to express habitual or recurrent actions; it is commonly used in literary descriptions, but not in speaking:
In the afternoon he would go out alone and walk for hours.
§ 11. Dare.
Dare means to have the courage (or impertinence) to do something. In the negative it denotes the lack of courage to do something.
I dare not be alone at night. (Voynich)
How dare you talk to me like this?
The verb dare as well as need has some peculiarities, which make it different from other modal verbs.
It is used both as a normal verb (taking the auxiliary do in the interrogative and negative forms, -s in the third person singular and the to- infinitive) and as an anomalous verb (without any auxiliary in its interrogative and negative forms, without -s in the third person singular and without the particle to before the infinitive which follows it). Dare has two forms– dare for the Present and dared for the Past.