Практическая грамматика



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Грамматика. Учебник

§ 5. Should and ought.
The modal verbs should and ought are treated together here as there is hardly any difference between them. Very often they are interchangeable.
There is, however, a difference in construction. Whereas should is followed by the infinitive without the particle to, ought is always followed by the to-infinitive.
When reference is made to the present or future, the Indefinite or Continuous Infinitive is used.
In war-time, a man should not part with his rifle. (Heym)
It's murder, and we ought to stop it. (London)
At your age you ought to be earning your living.
You shouldn’t be sitting in the sun.
When reference is made to the past the Perfect Infinitive shows that the obligation was not carried out. In the negative form the combination with the Perfect Infinitive shows that an undesirable action was fulfilled.
He ought to have put everything off.
You should have told me about it yourself.
I am sorry. I oughtn’t to have said it.
Oh, you should have done as you did.
Both should and ought express obligation, something which is advisable, proper or naturally expected.
1. Obligation, very often a moral obligation or duty.
In this meaning ought is more often used than should.
You ought to say a word or two about yourself.
He oughtn’t to mention it to anybody
2. Advisability
In this meaning should is more common than ought, as it always shows some personal interest whereas ought is more matter-of-fact.
You should be more careful. (London)
Вы должны быть более осторожны.
You shouldn’t miss the opportunity.
Вам не следует упускать эту возможность.
3. Something, which can be naturally expected.
The new sanatorium ought to be very comfortable.
The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.
Such use of should and ought to does not seem to be very common as this meaning is usually rendered by must.

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