|
When dressed, I sat a long time by the window.
Одевшись, я долгое время сидел у окна.
b) of condition.
Nobody spoke unless spoken to. (Dickens)
Никто не говорил, если к нему не обращались.
If posted now, the letter can reach John till Monday.
Если отправить письмо сейчас, то Джон получит его в понедельник.
с) of comparison.
«Does he know it?» said David, as though surprised.
“Он знает об этом?” – сказал Дэвид как будто удивленно.
d) of concession. - '
Her spirit, though crushed, wasn’t broken.
Дух ее, хотя и подавленный, не был сломлен.
Note. Other grammarians' view of the analysis of such word-groups as. when questioned..., if discovered..., as if torn..., though crushed... is different. They consider such word-groups to be elliptical clauses and not participial phrases.
3. Participle II as predicative.
The rose is faded.
Роза увяла.
In spite of himself, Val was impressed. (Galsworthy)
На Вэла это произвело впечатление, помимо его воли.
The inner gate was locked, and the lodge closed. (Dickens)
Внутренние ворота были заперты, и помещение привратника закрыто.
4. Participle II as part of a complex object.
She has found me unaltered; but I have found her changed. (Collins)
Она нашла, что я ничуть не переменился, а я нашел, что oнa изменилась.
§ 9. Predicative constructions with the Participle.
In Modern English we find the following predicative constructions with the Participle:
1) the Objective Participial Construction;
2) the Subjective Participial Construction;
3) the Nominative Absolute Participial Construction;
4) the Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction.
§ 10. The Objective Participial Construction.
The Objective Participial Construction is a construction in which the participle is in predicate relation to a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case.
He found her sitting at the breakfast-table. (Hardy)
Он обнаружил, что она сидит за столом для завтрака.
The participle sitting is in predicate relation to the pronoun her, which denotes the doer of the action expressed by the participle.
In the Objective Participial Construction Participle I Indefinite Active or Participle II is used. In the sentence this construction has the function of a complex object. It usually corresponds to a subordinate object clause in Russian. The Objective Participial Construction may be found:
a) after verbs denoting sense perception, such as to see, to hear, to feel, to find, etc.
Then he looked out of the window and saw clouds gathering.
Потом он выглянул из окна и увидел, что собираются тучи.
On arriving at the cottage she found the door locked.
Когда она приехала в коттедж, она обнаружила, что дверь заперта.
I heard my wife coming... (Conan Doyle)
Я слышал, как приехала моя жена.
In the dark the old man could feel the morning coming. (Hemingway)
В темноте старик чувствовал, что приближается утро.
b) after some verbs of mental activity such as to consider, to understand.
I consider myself engaged to Herr Klesmer. (Eliot)
Я считаю себя помолвленной с господином Клесмером.
с) after verbs denoting wish, such as to want, to wish, to desire. In this case only Participle II is used.
«I want it proved», he roared.
«Я хочу, чтобы это доказали», взревел он.
I want this typed, if you please. (Coppard)
Я хочу, чтобы это отпечатали, пожалуйста.
d) after the verbs to have and to get. After these verbs only Participle II is used. This construction either expresses that something is done by someone else for the benefit of the person denoted by the subject of the sentence, or has the meaning of to experience, to witness.
I had my coat altered.
Я переделала пальто (т. е. поручила кому-то переделать его).
She has her dresses made here.
Ей шьют платья здесь.
Не ... had several bottles of wine brought ... (Dreiser)
Ему ... принесли несколько бутылок вина.
Get this prescription made at the chemist’s.
Закажите это лекарство в аптеке.
In interrogative and negative sentences the auxiliary verb to do is used:
Why don't you have your hair waved? (Du Maurier)
Почему вы не завьетесь (не сделаете завивку)?
Occasionally the meaning of the construction is different: it may show that the person denoted by the subject of the sentence experiences the action expressed by the participle.
I had my window broken yesterday.
Вчера мне разбили окно.
I don’t intend to have my profession compromised.
Я не позволю, чтобы мою профессию компрометировали.
It takes a long time to write a novel. And then you have to get
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
