Практическая грамматика



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Грамматика. Учебник

Did he dare to strike me when I was down? (E.Bronte)
She dared not look into the glass. (Dickens)
He did not dare to meet his uncle. (Kruisinga.)
How dare you go out by yourself after the orders I gave you? (Shaw)
Sometimes dare takes the auxiliary but is followed by the bare infinitive.
You know you didn't dare give the order to charge the bridge until you saw us on the other side. (Shaw)
Dare is mostly used in interrogative and negative sentences. However, we often come across I dare say which has become a stock phrase and acquired a new meaning I suppose. Dare is used only with the Indefinite Infinitive.
§12. Need.
Need expresses necessity. It is mostly used in negative and interrogative sentences.
You needn't be in such a fright. Take my arm. (Shaw)
Не надо так бояться. Возьмите меня под руку.
I don’t know whether I need trouble about it.
Я не знаю, нужно ли беспокоиться об этом.
Need may be used either as a modal or a regular verb
1. Need as a modal verb has only the Present form. In reported speech it remains unchanged. It is followed by the Infinitive without to.
You needn’t be afraid of me.
Вам не нужно/ незачем бояться меня.
You needn’t meet him unless you want to.
Вам незачем встречаться с ним, если вы не хотите.
Need I repeat it?
Нужно ли/ к чему мне повторять это.
In combination with the Perfect Infinitive need expresses an action, which has been performed though it was unnecessary. It implies a waste of time or effort.
You needn’t have come.
Вам незачем было приходить/ вы зря пришли.
It was obvious. You needn’t have protested.
Все было ясно. Вам незачем было протестовать.
2. As a regular verb need can have all the necessary forms, including the verbals. It also expresses necessity. It is followed by the Infinitive with to and is mainly used in interrogative and negative sentences.
He didn’t need to explain.
You don’t need to tell me that you are sorry.
It should be noted that need as regular verb is more common than the modal need, particularly in American English.

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