“ready to aid one another”
:
Charles Darwin,
The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex
(London: Murray, 1871).
Underestimating the givers
:
Francis J. Flynn and Vanessa K. B. Lake (now Bohns), “If You Need Help, Just Ask: Underestimating
Compliance with Direct Requests for Help,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
95 (2008): 128–143.
only natural to assume
:
Dale T. Miller, “The Norm of Self-Interest,”
American Psychologist
54 (1999): 1053–1060.
“explaining almost every act of their lives on the principle of self-interest”
:
Alexis de Tocqueville,
Democracy in America
(Garden City, NY: Anchor Press, 1835/1969), 526.
“social norms against sounding too charitable”
:
Robert Wuthnow,
Acts of Compassion
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press,
1993).
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