Practical english for the third-year

What is the difference between Past Simple & Present Perfect? 
• The present perfect is used for actions that began in the past that have a connection to the present. 
• In the present perfect, the time is generally unspecified. 
• The past simple is used for actions that have been completed in the past. 
• In the past simple, the time is specified. 
• Unlike the present perfect, the past simple does not have a connection to the present. 
KEY words! 
Present perfect 
Past simple 
Ever 
Never 
Just 
Yesterday 
Last week / year / October / summer/ Monday 

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Already (yet) 
Recently (lately) 
This week / month / year / morning /  evening 
Today  
For 
Since 
The day before yesterday