|
18.Cultural life in the Emirate of Bukhara
Religious bigotry, which had been a powerful obstacle to the development of socio-cultural life since the reign of the Ashtarkhanids, grew during the Mangit dynasty. This situation, in the first place, did not allow the growth of the exact natural sciences. Because religious fanatics considered any discovery in the field of science to be blasphemous. Therefore, in the three Uzbek khanates, including the Emirate of Bukhara, the exact natural sciences did not develop. It is no coincidence that the main works of this period appeared in the fields of history, literature, art and architecture. The historian of Bukhara who created in the first half of the XIX century was Muhammad Ya 'qub ibn Daniyolbi Bukhari (1771-1831). He wrote "Gulshan ul-muluk" (Flower of Kings). This work consists of two parts, the first part of which is devoted to the ancient history of Bukhara, the genealogy of its rulers. The second part of the work tells about the history of Central Asia in the XVIII and early XIX centuries. Mirror Bukhari's "Fathnomayi Sultani" and Muhammad Hakimkhan's "Collection of Annals" are important sources for our history. The literature of this period was created by famous poets and writers of their time. One of them is Muhammadniyaz Nishoti (lived and worked in the XVIII century). He lived an average life, and when the time came, he lived in poverty and wandering. In 1778, the poet wrote his wonderful epic Husn-u Dil. This work, which is a great achievement of Uzbek literature, was written figuratively by the poet. The heroes of the epic - Mind, Beauty, Heart, Imagination, Faith, Look, Love and so on - each has its own human qualities. The images of the Opponent, Corruption, and Lust were symbols of evil qualities and various evils. Nishatis work condemns conflicts between people and states, greed and other moral flaws. In the struggle between good and evil, reason and noble intentions prevail. In addition, another feature of Nishati's literary work is that he contributed to the development of the genre of debate in literature. Thus, Nishoti's "Bird Talk" complex is of great importance. The play criticizes the social system of the time, ignorance, bureaucracy, and the humility of the common people. The play depicts a dispute between a total of 14 birds, including storks, crows, nightingales, peacocks, parrots, and humo. Another famous poet of this period was Mujrim-Obid (1748-1818). In Shaiming's works, social inequality, injustice, and defects in human behavior are strongly condemned. Dozens of talented poets such as Shavqi, Jani, Hiromi, Vola and Junaydullah Haziq also lived and worked in Bukhara. Vola's (1770-1842) However, nature gave him a strong will, intelligence, memory and ability, as well as a pleasant voice. The poet composed 2 devons from his poems. We have 3,000 poems. In his poems he sang about the hard life of ordinary people._ Calligraphy and miniature art in Bukhara Tasviny art. . . . . . well developed. Artists began to decorate manuscripts and religious books. This is the industry
Mir Masum Alamiyan, who lived and worked during the reign of Amir Haydar, wrote the book "Akhlaqi Muhsini" and Saadi's poems in this style. Manuscripts from the time of Mirza Sadiq Jandari Nasrullah, Saadi and Hafiz The great scientist, philosopher and poet Ahmad Donish (1827-1897) served as a calligrapher and painter in the library of the Bukhara Palace for 20 years. In addition to astronomy, medicine, mathematics, architecture, and music, he excelled in calligraphy, painting, and the art of painting. Proof of this are the manuscripts decorated or painted by Ahmad Donish, such as "Shahi Darvesh", "Ajoyib at-Tabaqat" and others. At the end of the 18th century, a "shoshmaqom" was formed in Bukhara. It is composed of the lyrics of classical poets of Turkish and Persian languages, such as Rudaki, Jami, Na-voi, Fuzuli, Bedil, Babur, Nodira and Mashrab. The tradition of Shoshmaqom is still passed down from generation to generation.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
