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16.Emirati city life and trade affairs
Domestic trade
Cities were of great importance. Because cities were the backbone of state power, the center of culture and trade. Samarkand is a large city and is known as the "Beauty of the World". Samarkand had about 15 handicraft districts and rastas. There were 7 madrasas in Samarkand. They were: Ulugbek, Sherdor, Tillakori, Safed, Shaibanikhan, Khoja Abulgafur, Qazi Soqi madrasas. Cities were destroyed by political struggles during the Ashtarkhanid period. Amir Shah Murad almost
rebuilt Samarkand. In the early 19th century, a high wall was built around Samarkand. It had 6 gates. They are: Bukhara, Poykabod, Shahizinda, Kalandarkhona, Sozangaron, Khoja Ahror. The city had many gardens, 2 caravanserais and 3 baths. The streets connected the city gates with Registan Square. The city was inhabited by 25-30 thousand people. The city is rich in silk weaving, paper production, pottery, bakery, confectionery, and embroidery. The 2750th anniversary of Samarkand was celebrated in 2007.
Bukhara was the capital of the emirate. In the 1840s, there were caravanserais inhabited by 38 foreigners. The caravanserais had warehouses, shops, workshops, hotels. Every year 12-15 thousand camels come to Bukhara caravanserais. The caravan leader was the manager of the emirate's trade affairs. In Bukhara, domestic and foreign trade was conducted in 9 teams and choruses. Bukhara had 103 madrassas, 360 mosques, and 83 swimming pools. The 2500th anniversary of Bukhara was celebrated in 1997.
Crafts played an important role in the emirates economy. Its main type was textile. Bukhara was famous for its ocher, bozi, silk, and dark red velvet of Samarkand. It was popular to weave various scarves, sheets and turbans from spun yarn. Another common type of craft was blacksmithing and coppersmithing. Blacksmiths made swords, spears, daggers, axes, shields, bows and their arrows. Even ball-making was set in motion. Jewelry, pottery, and woodworking are also important industries.
Buxoro
The production of consumer goods has not developed in the life of the population. Therefore, mechanized production, which naturally increases high labor productivity, has not been used. There has been no need for this. .
In the markets of Bukhara, prices and the correctness of the scales are constantly checked. The trader who betrayed the buyer was turned around in a cart: I entered the path of the devil and was forced to shout that I had deceived the buyer.
At that time, the markets of Central Asia, including Bukhara, functioned not only for the economy, but also as a center of public and cultural life. In particular, the accused was sentenced.
In foreign trade, Bukhara had relations with India, Afghanistan, China and Iran. The khanate supplied cotton fabrics, weapons and fruits to trade caravans. Some caravans consisted of about 100 caravans.
Foreign traders came to large cities such as Samarkand and Bukhara. In Bukhara, there were also separate residences for Indian traders and usurers. They sold Indian fabrics, dyes, spices, medicines, and sugar.
The people of the Bukhara Kazakh steppes were provided with livestock and livestock products, camels and handicrafts, and extensive trade was established. Their jackets, which were mainly made of raw leather and dyed sheepskin, were popular. The Karakalpaks mediated in the middle. The Turkmens brought and sold thoroughbred horses. The emirate's trade relations with Russia developed. In 1840, a settlement of Bukhara merchants was built in Orenburg. 20 apartments lived there. Representatives of the family played an important role in trade relations. By 1825, the family expanded to 30 people. The caravan reached from Orenburg to Bukhara in 2 months. Sometimes camels, ie caravans, numbered 1,000 camels.
Thus, the Emirate was in contact with Russia in a special way. As evidence, in 1844 Bukhara's share in Central Asia's trade with Russia reached 25%. In 1864, this figure was 42%.
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