Підручник для студентів старших курсів

General scientific layer, first and foremost, diagnoses a text as a scientific one, as the amount of its units in the vocabulary of a ST is much greater than that of special terminology. General scientific units constitute 60% in the vocabulary of a ST and are characterised by the following features:
● by their obvious distinction from special terms, as they are found in different texts belonging to different branches of science;
● by their regular reproductivity as ready-made units in different scientific and humanities texts;
● by specific general scientific meaning different from that in general literary language, e.g. the noun ‘look’ denoting an optical process in general literary language acquires quite a different general scientific meaning within a scientific text, e.g. in “to have a close look at smth.”, the noun ‘look’ is used to denote a mental process. In “to draw a comparison between smth.”, “to draw a conclusion” the verb ‘to draw’ is used to denote mental, intellective operations, too.
General scientific units can be expressed by:
1) individual lexemes, functioning as adverbial connectors of various semantics, among them: parentheses, e.g. nevertheless, thus, hence, anyhow, indeed, etc.; conjunctions, e.g. but, while, whereas, whereby, etc.; adverbs, e.g. similarly, respectively, consequently, conversely, etc.
2) word-combinations, or word-groups of various character – substantive, verbal, adjectival, etc. e.g. verbal word-combinations: to draw a conclusion, to focus on smth, to be concerned with smth, etc.; substantive word-combinations: the literature on the subject, a close correlation between smth, the problem under consideration, etc.; adjectival word-combinations: finely graded, clearly marked, etc.
3) predicative polylexemic units, i.e. syntagmatic units which be extracted from the text as ready-made segments of sentences, and thus possess a Subject + Predicate structure, e.g. It would be more accurate to say that … ; a good example of this is … ; we can all recognize that … ; this is not merely a question of … but that of …, etc.