Підручник для студентів старших курсів

the notion of death:

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  Nouns: the dead, snow, winter, mounds, headboards, tanks, war, slavery, tyranny, fascists, traitors, cowards, metal.
  
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  Verbs: to sleep, to cut, to die, to blast, to fight, to destroy.
  
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  Adjectives: cold, thin, black.
  

the notion of life:

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  Nouns: spring, earth, rain, life, (green) leaves, blossoms, immortality, hearts, (soft) wind, apple-trees.
  
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  Verbs: to live, to outlive, to endure, to believe, to remember, to feel, to begin.
  
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  Adjectives: kind, soft, alive, free, good, honest.
  
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  Adverbs: honourably, forever, again.
  

Another means of the lexical cohesion is the use of words and word-combinations referring to the same thematic group with the underlying notion of life and death.
The thematic group with the underlying notion of death includes the word-combinations: to sleep cold, snow blows, snow drifts, sifts, to blast one’s way with weight of metal, to hold people in slavery, system of tyranny, to return to slavery.
The thematic group with the underlying notion of life comprises the word-combinations: to make the earth kind again, to blow soft, to come to life, small green leaves, to come alive again, our dead live in the hearts and the minds of the Spanish workers, to rise against tyranny, to outlive all systems of tyranny, to achieve immortality, to endure forever.
The associative-semantic use of the word “the dead” which first serves to denote “the killed in Spain, the perished, the fallen”, then gradually obtains new meanings: “all honest, brave people; those who had risen against slavery”. And finally, at the end of the text it comes to denote “the heroes; ones living forever; people who became immortal”. Thus, the initial meaning of the word “the dead” changes completely to the end of the text. In other words, the word “dead” undergoes the so-called semantic shift. It also makes for the integrity of the text.
The use of words having the same root morpheme formed by different word-building means also contributes to the lexical cohesion of the text: e.g. to die – dead – death; to love – love; to live – outlive – life.