Підручник для студентів старших курсів

Make sure you can answer these questions.

1. 
   Comment on the chief constraints in the area of news reporting.
   
2. 
   What does the so-called shared authorship style of newspapers suggest?
   
3. 
   What kind of information does a news report carry and what is the manner in which the reporter conveys it?
   
4. 
   What are the most characteristic features of the reading matter layout in a classical news report?
   
5. 
   What lexical peculiarities of a news report result from the principal communicative function of this newspaper genre and the pressures of time, space and the shared authorship style?
   
6. 
   Enumerate the main grammatical parameters typical of a news report.
   
7. 
   What lexical peculiarities of English headlines serve to attract the readers’ attention and to lure them into going through the whole of the newspaper item or, at least, a greater part of it?
   
8. 
   What manifestations of the so-called “abbreviated grammar style” is the headline characterized by?
   
9. 
   How does a feature article differ from a news report in terms of the information conveyed and the author’s attitude towards its presentation?
   
10. 
    Enumerate those structural-grammatical peculiarities of a feature article which distinguish it from a news report.
    

Unit 1
Blaze at charity bonfire damages warehouses

Two firemen were overcome by fumes and several bystanders slightly injured in a fire last night at York ¹⁾, North Yorkshire.
The blaze was caused when flames from a Guy Fawkes Night bonfire ²⁾ organized in support of local charities ³⁾ spread to nearby warehouses.
Firemen battled against the flames for several hours before getting them under control, and at one time there were ten fire-engines in attendance at the blaze − the largest in this part of North Yorkshire for more than five years.
Strong winds hampered operations, and at first there were fears that showers of sparks might reach other warehouses some distance away, one of which − a paint-store − could have exploded.
But firemen succeeded in confining the outbreak to warehouses containing less inflammable materials.
The injured were allowed home after treatment at the local hospital, but one of the firemen was detained for observation.
Early this morning a dense pall of smoke hung over the warehouses while firemen continued to damp down the still smouldering debris.
Damage
According to the owner of the warehouses, local builder's merchant Mr. Arthur Peel, damage was difficult to estimate at this stage.
“The warehouses worst affected contained a large quantity of timber and building materials”, said Mr. Peel. “It seems unlikely that much of this can have escaped damage, in which case the cost is likely to run into several thousand pounds”.
Interviewed at the scene last night, the Chief of the York fire-brigade, 42-year old Mr. Fred Banks, who is responsible for bonfire-night safety measures in the district, said that he thought the fire was “very unfortunate”.
The organizers had consulted him about the safety of the site, and he had approved it, “provided the bonfire itself was kept in the centre of the site, and that only wood was burnt on it”.
It seemed, however, that someone had thrown paper on to the fire, and the strong wind had carried some of this to the warehouses.
There had also been reports that rival gangs of youths had been seen throwing fireworks ⁴⁾ at each other near the warehouses, and this might also have had something to do with the fire starting.
Asked about the advisability of allowing a fire at all so near to buildings, Mr. Banks pointed out that there was no other open space available, and that the risk involved was negligible − given that the safety regulations would be “strictly observed”.
When told of the fire chief’s remarks, the bonfire’s organizer, local businessman Mr. Ron Green, denied than anyone had put paper on the bonfire.

 Explanatory Notes
¹⁾ York – a town in North Yorkshire, England.
²⁾ a Guy Fawkes Night bonfire – one of the most regularly observed national customs in Great Britain is to light bonfires on November 5th − the anniversary of a plot to blow up the Houses of Parliament. Guy Fawkes was one of the conspirators, hence the name of the event, which is also known as bonfire-night.
³⁾ in support of local charities – these bonfires are usually for private entertainment, but occasionally they are organized on a larger scale and admission fees are charged as a means of collecting money for charity.
⁴⁾ fireworks – a regular feature of bonfire night celebrations.