Phytochemicals with potential or established biological activity have been identified. However, since a single plant contains widely diverse phytochemicals, the effects of using a whole plant as medicine are uncertain

Infused Honey – A small amount of herbal material is added to honey and allowed to infuse. Usually 1 part herbs to 2-5 parts honey by volume.

Electuary – A mix of honey and dried herbs, where enough dried herbal material is added so that the electuary can be formed into herb and honey packets or pills. It’s mostly herbal material, just held together with honey.

Compress – A cloth is soaked in a cool herbal infusion, and then applied topically.

Formentation – A cloth is soaked in a strong hot infusion, and then applied topically. Similar to a compress, but applied warm so the heat is part of the treatment. They’re most commonly used for pain relief.

Succus – The freshly expressed juice of a plant, often taken by the drop in similar to tinctures. They’re not widely available since they’re perishable, but historically they would have been prepared fresh in season, and they can still be made easily at home.