Phrasal verbs & idioms

• Samarkand regional centre for retraining and advanced training of public educators
• GRADUATION WORK
• Theme: Ways of teaching phrasal verbs and idioms for B2 students

• Research advisor: F.Davronova
• Done by : G.Mamatkulova

• Samarkand - 2022

• Phrasal Verbs:
• Phrasal verbs are usually two-word phrases consisting of verb + adverb, verb + preposition, verb+ adverb + preposition. It can have a literal meaning that is easy to understand because the meaning is clear from the words that are used in the phrasal verb itself. It can also have an idiomatic meaning which cannot easily be understood by looking at the words themselves. . E.g. 'give up' is a phrasal verb that means 'stop doing' something, which is very different from 'give'.

• Examples:
• run into, ran away, gang up,
• gear up, back up, back off,
• see through, see about, send off,
• settle down, settle for, show through, show up, tag along, take on,
• talk into, talk out of, talk back,
• tone down, touch up, top off,
• turn up, etc.

• Types Of Phrasal Verbs:
• There are four basic types of phrasal verbs:
• Verb + particle
• Verb + particle + object/ verb + object+ particle
• Verb + particle + object (verb + particle inseparable)
• Verb + particle + preposition+ object (verb inseparable from particle and preposition)
• 1. Verb + particle  e.g. look out! (= be careful);
• We set off on our journey (=started)

• 2. Phrasal verb with an object either after the particle or between the verb and particle:
• 2a) Verb + object + particle  e.g. I’ll throw the rubbish away.
• Take your shoes off.
• 2b) Verb + particle + object  e.g. I’ll throw away the rubbish.
• Take off your shoes.
• Note: When object is a pronoun, e.g. them, it can only go before the particle, not after it.
• e.g. I’ll throw it away (NOT: I’ll throw away it.)
• Take them off (NOT: Take off them.)

• Phrasal verbs can be:
• 1. Intransitive (cannot be followed by an object)
• e.g. He suddenly showed up.
• “show up” cannot take an object.
• 2. Transitive (followed by object)
• e.g. I made up the story.
• "story" is the object of "make up"

• Idiom:
• An idiom is a group of words in current usage
• having a meaning that is not deducible from
• those of the individual words. For example, “to
• rain cats and dogs” - which means “to rain very
• heavily” - is an idiom; and “over the moon” –
• which means “extremely happy”- is another
• idiom.

• It is an expression, word, or phrase that has a figurative meaning that is comprehended in regard to a common use of that expression that is separate from the literal meaning or definition of the words of which it is made.
• A group of words in a fixed order that have a particular meaning that is different from the meanings of each word understood on its own.

• An idiom is a combination of words that has a
• meaning that is different from the meanings of
• the individual words themselves. It can have a
• literal meaning in one situation and a different
• idiomatic meaning in another situation. It is a
• phrase which does not always follow the normal
• rules of meaning and grammar.

• Example:
• To sit on the fence can literally mean that one is sitting on a fence.
• I sat on the fence and watched the game.
• The idiomatic meaning of to sit on the fence is that one is not making a clear choice regarding some issue.
• The politician sat on the fence and would not give his opinion about the tax issue.

• Difference between idiom and phrasal verb:
• A phrasal verb can be adjusted to make a grammatically correct sentence; in idioms, order of words is not changed and often the order of words of idioms will generally be considered grammatically incorrect. NOTE: Adjectives and adverbs can be added to an idiomatic phrase. e.g.The politician has been sitting squarely in the middle of the fence since the election.

• Phrasal Verb Example:
• Teacher Rachel asked me about the way that the youth and the older people speak here in Brazil. Well, as in Great Britain, youths use slang to communicate with each other. And when they meet up with a stranger, an adult, an elderly person, a teacher or anyone higher up than them, they speak formally. This adds up to two different ways of talking: formal and informal. However, there is an interesting thing going on here: older people are starting to sound younger! In other words, people who are getting on in age are using more and more slang as a way of being ‘down with the kids’*. Brazilian TV shows are full of young people, and the way they speak has a knock on effect on the way adult listeners express themselves. Maybe, in the near future, the way adults and young people use formal language won’t divide up the two age groups; everyone will only use formal language in formal situations.

Thank you for attention