Philological science

Main part
Minimal pairs play an important role in the phonological analysis of the sound system in a given language. Quasiomonyms are words and morphemes that are distinguished by a single phoneme. We use them to determine the phonological status of a phoneme. Sounds in our language acquire the status of a phoneme only if they perform the function of distinguishing meanings in words with minimal pairs. Symptoms that serve to differentiate phonemes acoustically and articulatory are called distinguishing signs. This set of distinctive features makes up the concept of a phoneme. A. Abduazizov says: “Differentiation marks do not appear by themselves, but by comparing phonemes in words and morphemes in the same places (for example, bir-bur, qil-kul). In structural linguistics, the comparison of units of a language with each other in the same place is called a paradigmatic relationship. Looking at phonemes in a paradigmatic way is a leading way to identify their distinguishing features. ”. [1. 45]
Quasiomonyms are much closer in form and content to many concepts in our language. One of them is homonyms. By homonyms we mean that language units are equal in external expression and differentiated in content. Units of the same shape and meaning have existed in our language since ancient times, and we use them to decorate our speech, to express our thoughts correctly, and in literary texts for various stylistic purposes. For example:
Qo‘lingdan kelgancha chiqar yaxshi ot,
Yaxshilik qil, bolam, yomonlikni ot.
Nasihatim yod qilib ol, farzandim,
Yolg‘iz yursa chang chiqarmas yaxshi ot.
In this verse, tajnis is created in rhyme using the homonyms.
Quasiomonyms, on the other hand, are similar in form to homonyms, but differ in essence. That is, in homonyms, the plan of expression of the lexeme is required to be exactly the same (for example, o`t – o`t), and in quasi-names, certain phonemes in the plan of expression differ from each other, and with the help of these phonemes the word The meaning varies (for example, o`t – ot).
We use quasi-homonyms to identify integral and differential signs of phonemes. For example,
In (nest)– a place built for birds, insects and animals to live, to open a nest; Un – (Flour) - 1. A powdered feed obtained by grinding grain in a mill;
2. Tovush, ovoz.(sound,voice)
Ushbu misolda keltirilgan in va un so‘zlari i va u fonemalarining farqlovchi belgilari sababli turli ma’nolarni ifodalab kelmoqda. Bu esa kvaziomonimlarning vujudga kelishiga sabab bo‘lgan. Un so‘zining shakl jihatdan birlashib turli ma’nolarni ifodalashi esa omonimiya hodisasiga misol bo‘la oladi.
In this example the words in (nest) and un (Flour) have different meanings due to the distinctive features of the i and u phonemes. This led to the formation of quasi-homonyms. An example of the phenomenon of homonymy is the fact that the word flour combines forms and expresses different meanings.
Pol –(the floor) is the part of the room where can be walked on and seated.
Fol –(a fortune-teller) is a false prophecy, as if to "tell" in advance something or events that a person is interested in knowing by looking at something (for example, a hand, a book, a pebble, a card, a mirror).

The consonants “p” and “f” in the above words are labial instead of formed, noisy according to the presence of sound and noise and silent according to the presence of vocal cords. Therefore, these characters are phonologically norelevant for “p” and “f”.

A relevant feature for these phonemes is that they are explosive and sliding sounds. On the basis of this sign, several phonemes unite in opposition: b-v (sabr-savr), t-s (kotib-kosib), d-z (fard-farz), t-sh (tom-shom), d-j (bod-boj), k-x (kor-xor), g-gʻ (goʻr-gʻoʻr), q-x (qor-xor). All of these contradict each other on the basis of an explosive-sliding sign, and the remaining signs are an integral sign for them. In these examples, the phonemes that serve to differentiate the meaning of quasiomonyms also determine the status of phonemes in the language.
Another phenomenon that is very close to quasiomonyms is this lexical paronymy. Paronymy is when two or more lexemes are similar in pronunciation and tone. This similarity stems from the formal closeness between the two lexemes, which in turn makes them look like quasiomonies. For example, quasiomonyms bob and bop are also lexical paronyms. Because the phonemes b and p differ in meaning, they are pronounced as p at the end of the word, which creates a mutual melody. But not all quasiomonyms are paronyms. Words in minimal pairs must have a similar pronunciation to the sounds that are in conflict with each other, but most quasiomonyms do not have this feature.
For example, while quasiomonyms tuz (salt) and tus (type) form tones, quasiomonyms tuz (salt ) and buz (break) don’t have such peculiarities. Even in quasiomonyms such as tor (narrow) and bor (have) , taxta (board) and paxta (cotton), taqdir (destiny) va taqdim (presentation) are not considered paronyms because of the lack of similarity and harmony in the different sounds.
In general, when the phenomenon of homonymy and paronymy is studied as a lexical unit, which reflects the richness and diversity of our language, quasi-homonyms help us to identify the unifying and distinguishing features of phonemes in the phonological system. When determining the phonemic status of a sound, it is important to have a word that can be contrasted with it.
Quasiomonyms are the units that play an important role in the study of vocalism and cosonantism in the phonological system, in determining their integral and differential features, and in combining them into oppositions.