Philological science

Conclusion
Each generation is closer than the others to the era in which it entered. Therefore, we see that the reality of the 70s and 80s was more vividly reflected in the works of the generation that entered poetry at that time. The poetry of this period contributed to the maturation of the idea of national independence in the minds of people, the people's step-by-step progress towards independence, and in this complex process the power of literature is demonstrated as a driving force in society.
References
1. Azim Usmon. Photo excerpts. - T.: Yosh Gvardiya, 1986.
2. Azimov Usmon. Condition. –T.: Yosh Gvardiya, 1979
3. Ghulam Ghafur. Selected works. –T.: Literature and art, 2003.
4. Eshonqul N. From me to “I”. - T.: Akademnashr, 2014.
5. Haqqulov I. The splendor of the artistic word. - T.: Literature and Art, 1987.
6. Khurshid Davron. The day before spring. - T.: Sharq, 1997.
7. Olimjon H. Selected works. 5 volumes. Volume 1 - T.: Literature and Art, 1970.
8. Oripov A. Regret of the years. - T.: Literature and Art, 1984.
9. Parfi Rauf. The tree of patience. - T.: Literature and Art, 1986.
10. Rahmon Shavkat. Selection. - T.: Sharq, 1997.
11. Rahmon Shavkat. Colorful moments. - T.: Literature and Art, 1978.
12. See: Abdullaev Ortiqboy. If there is no sharp word left, nothing is left ... // World Literature. 1998. No. 4 (April), - B. 151-157; Ismaylov Hamid. On wings of the own cry… Na krylyax krika svoego ... // Zvezda Vostoka ... 1988. № 7. - С. 131-139; Tulakov Ismail. Bright landscapes. –T.: O'zbekiston, 1992. - Б. 87-124.

THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE CONSTRUCTION IN THE METHODOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION OF SPEECH


Aysholpan NIYAZOVA
PhD candidate, Uzbekistan State World Languages University
Abstract
An article is about speech, types of speech and the basic requirements of speech culture. It is on this basis that the speech culture of students, the speech culture of teachers, the culture of stage speech, the culture of lecturers, the culture of radio speech, the culture of television speech and the culture of oral speech in general. are also being discussed. Learning any speech product begins with learning its language. Texts, by their structure, consist of a phrase, a sentence, a complex syntactic whole, a paragraph, a section, a section, a chapter, and a clause. These units are involved in text formation and play an important role in its formation.
Each text represents a specific content and conveys different messages to others. Depending on the delivery of the messages, the texts will be varied. They can be literary text, journalistic text, scientific text, official text .Keywords: speech culture, teachers' speech culture, stage speech culture, lecturer speech culture, radio speech culture, television speech culture, oral speech culture in the broadest sense in general.

Introduction
All the requirements and perceptions that apply to speech before the emergence of literary language are different from the perceptions of speech associated with literary language in the post-literary period. Because speech is truly related to literary language and its norms. First, let us briefly dwell on the essence of the concept of literary language.
When we talk about literary language, first of all we come across the definition of literary language as the highest form of the national language, the national language. The higher form of literary language is seen in the specificity of this language, in its distinctive features and function.
Literary language is based on the vernacular. The emergence of literary language and the purpose of its creation is to create a nationwide mass media. This creates a multifunctional sense feature in literary language. The multifaceted and complex functions of literary language lead to the stylistic branching of literary language, the emergence of different speech styles within the literary language, which is one of the important features of national literary languages.
Main part
Literary language rises to the level of a communication tool in all spheres of human life. This makes literary language a mediator of culture and civilization, a weapon that expresses, preserves and transmits the concepts and ideas about it to future generations. Literary language is a rich knowledge of various spheres of social and cultural life. Literary language also serves as a vehicle for the realization of abstract and logical thinking. The features inherent in literary language are also specific to the oral form of literary language. This is because there are a wide range of technical methods and possibilities for recording and long-term storage of spoken texts.
The expansion of the function of literary language, in which the emergence of a complex methodological branching, requires the development and enrichment of the means and possibilities of literary language. For this reason, the literary language differs from other forms of the vernacular by a rich lexical fund, improved grammatical structure and the development of methodological branches. But literary language is not just a standardized language, it is a standardized language.
Standardization, the need for standardization, is one of the important features of literary language. Literary language has lexical (word usage) norms, morphological and syntactic norms, spelling and pronunciation norms. The norm of literary language consists not only of naturally formed norms, but also of consciously developed, consciously evaluated norms. These norms will be summarized in specific grammar rules, textbooks and manuals, lexicographic research. A person who writes and adjusts a literary language learns the literary language on the basis of these rules and masters its norms. Literary language always strives for the formation of its own norms, for a stable state. This is why chaos is the opposite of literary language, and in the age of the internet and popular culture, this issue has increased its relevance several times over.
The standardization of literary language, the adoption of these norms into certain rules, is due to the fact that literary language is in fact a public weapon, a public property. Literary language is common to all representatives of the nation it serves as a means of communication. The accepted, regulated norms of literary language are followed equally everywhere, by all people (in writing and in speech).
Because literary language is accepted and recognized by all as an exemplary and developed form of the national language. Accordingly, it is obligatory for everyone to follow the norms of literary language, which are accepted and approved by the majority, the rules of these norms. Such universal norms and rules are also present in all areas of literary language, such as word usage and word formation, sentence construction, word writing, and pronunciation. In order to speak and write correctly in a literary language, it is necessary to know and master these rules and regulations.
Sometimes we also encounter biases and misunderstandings and misinterpretations of literary language. Literary language refers only to the language of newspapers, the language of scientific works and the language of fiction. It does not take into account the oral form of literary language, and in some cases literary language is molded only by written language, the norms of literary language are fully preserved only in written speech. From the above considerations it is possible to conclude that although the oral form of literary language is not normalized, it is not necessary to fully adhere to the norms of literary language in the oral form of literary language.
Literary language and its norms are mastered first of all through secondary and higher education, and then through family upbringing. The Internet system plays an important role in the acquisition of literary language, independent reading, especially reading fiction, newspapers and magazines, listening to radio and television. Hence, literary language is a speech phenomenon that is acquired through reading, learning, and relentless engagement in a literary culture.
Literary speech and the culture of literary language associated with it is, first of all, a speaking skill, a speaking skill. Literary speech skills are achieved through the acquisition of literary language norms. In high school education, there are concepts such as speech skills, speaking skills, written speaking skills, oral speaking skills, speech culture skills. In fact, all of these concepts have to do with mastering the culture of literary language.
It seems that as much as it was necessary to process the norms of literary language, conscious management, so it was necessary to test and evaluate these norms in practice.
It is for this reason that setting the norms of literary language, processing it, grinding it, is not a process that begins suddenly, resolves suddenly, and ends quickly, but is a work that is constant and continuous. Hence, literary language needs constant care. Thus, mastering a speech culture is about developing a speech culture skill. This ability is an active mastery of the norms of the Uzbek literary language, its oral and written form, not passive.
Active language acquisition means the conscious acquisition of language and its effective and error-free use in oral and written speech practice. The inability of some people to write fluently and fluently in Uzbek, or to speak fluently in a literary language, indicates that they have not actively mastered the Uzbek literary language.
Learning any speech product begins with learning its language. Language and consciousness are social phenomena by their very nature. This adds linguistics to the humanities.
Thus, any philology, formed in collaboration with the humanities, seeks to reveal the essence of the spiritual culture of mankind through the methodological analysis of any oral, linguistic language and written texts. Any text, including as a type of text containing irreal lexicon, is a very complex phenomenon in terms of its internal structure and external relevance. Although philology as a science began with the interpretation of texts of various forms and contents, it later split into several independent disciplines: linguistics, stylistics, textology, source studies, text analysis, and so on.
Unfortunately, the interrelationships and attitudes of these disciplines were not uniform afterwards. As a result, linguistics and literature, which are philological disciplines, have in many ways become distant from each other. Nevertheless, the concept of literary language combines language and literature, which are the two main branches of philology.
In modern Germanic and Turkic philology, ideas about literary language are disconnected from concepts of artistic discourse. Therefore, ideas about literary language should be analyzed in a broad philological context. In this regard, the problem of the construction and use of language should be considered on the basis of the interdependence of linguistics and philology.
Language and speech are interrelated, but at the same time, social phenomena that are different from each other. Often these phenomena are not separated from each other, and there are cases of mixed use.
So what is language and what is speech? Language is a basic and important communication between people - a social phenomenon that serves as a tool of thinking.
Speech is the process by which a speaker uses language tools and the event that occurs as a result of such a process. Speech is the use of a certain part of language units to express an idea. People's speech consists of the realization of a certain part of the elements of language. Hence, speech is not only a mental-physiological process in a person, but also a manifestation and application of language materials.
As noted in the linguistic literature, language and speech can be compared as follows:
1. If language is a material of communication, speech is a form of communication.
2. Language is created by the people, and speech is created by each person.
3. The life of language is long, it is connected with the life of the people, and the life of speech is short, it exists only when it is spoken.
4. Language is a stable, static phenomenon, and speech is a dynamic phenomenon.
5. The volume of language is indefinite, and the volume of speech is definite: it can be in the form of text.
Accordingly, the size of the text is also formed differently: the minimum text (reference, telegram, application, biography, decision, letter, power of attorney, explanatory letter, newspaper message, investigation report, announcement sms and maximum text (story, short story, epic, poem), novel, dramatic work).