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1.2. Scientific Style
The peculiarities of a functional style influence the translation process 
and result. 
Terminological units
play a great role in scientific and 
technical texts. (The problems of terminology are considered in 1.3.). 
The main characteristics of scientific texts are as follows: information 
value (richness of content), logicality (strict succession, clear connection 
between the general idea and details), exactness and objectiveness of 
exposition and clearness.
Monological speech has a leading position in the scientific style. 
Speech genres, presenting this style of language are scientific 
monographs, scientific articles, theses, papers, reviews, annotations, 
instructions, scientific reports and lectures. 
Commonly scientific style is realized in the written form of speech. It is 
characterised by restrictions and accurate choice of words and 
constructions. However, such factors as the development of mass 
media, the growth of importance of science in the modern society, 
increasing amount of various conferences, symposia, seminars promote 
to the significance of scientific speech. 
The characteristics of the language of scientific literature are 
determined by the aim of scientific prose, which is to give information 
about scientific ideas, inventions, investigations, to prove a hypothesis, 
to create new concepts, to disclose the internal laws of existence, 
development, relations between different phenomena, etc. Therefore, the 
language means used in the texts of this style tend to be precise, 

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objective, unemotional, devoid of individuality. The most generalized 
form of expression is also typical of scientific style.
Scientific speech is characterised by the logicality of thought, its 
successive and objective narration. The texts of scientific style contain 
exact definitions of considered concepts and phenomena, every 
sentence or statement is logically connected with the preceding or 
following information. Thus, one of the most noticeable features of this 
style is the 
logical sequence of utterances
with clear indication of their 
interrelations and interdependence. It should be pointed out that 
scientific prose has the most developed and varied system of 
connectives among all the functional styles.
The next characteristic feature of scientific style is what is called 
science-patterns
. There are three types of them: postulatory, 
argumentative and formulative. A scientific theory or conjecture, a 
hypothesis or a forecast must be based on facts, which are already 
investigated, systematized and defined. Therefore, every piece of 
scientific prose begins with postulatory pronouncements which are 
expected to be self-evident and needing no proof or additional 
explanation. A reference to these facts is only preliminary to the 
exposition of the writer‟s ideas and is therefore summed up in precisely 
formulated statements accompanied, if considered necessary, by 
references to sources. The 
author‟s own ideas are also expressed in the 
form of a doctrine or theory of a principle, an argument, the result of an 
investigation, conclusions, etc. The definition sentence-pattern in 
scientific prose, that is the sentence which sums up the ideas, facts and 
arguments, is generally a kind of conclusive statement.
The next observable feature of the style of scientific works and one 
that is paid attention to by the reader, is the use of 
quotations and 
references
. These sometimes occupy as much as half a page. The 
references are often placed at the back of the book and shaped as an 

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appendix. They have a definite compositional pattern, which includes the 
name of the writer, the title of the work, the publishing house, the place 
(the city) and year it was published, and the page of the extract quoted or 
referred to.
Another feature of scientific style, which makes it distinguishable from 
other styles, is the frequent use of 
foot-notes
, which are not of the 
reference kind, but 
digressive in character
. This meets the requirements 
of the scientific style, which is logical coherence of ideas expressed by 
the author/authors. Anything that seems to violate this requirement or 
seems not to be immediately relevant to the facts described or ideas 
expressed but at the same time may serve indirectly to give more 
detailed information or back up the idea is placed in a foot-note. 
Scientific functional style 
does not imply slang and colloquialisms
. 
Moreover, evaluation is not typical of scientific prose. Evaluation is used 
to express the author‟s point of view, to make it clear and 
understandable, and it has rational rather than expressive character. 
Scientific style has a 
lack of emotiveness, as it doesn‟t serve the 
achievement of exactness, logicality, objectiveness and abstract 
character of statement.