Pedagogical institute of termiz state university faculty of foreign language and literature raxmatova mohinur baxodir qizi

CONCLUSION
A comparative study of linguistic phenomena with a cultural background helps to determine the degree of two diverse cultures. The work is based on the politeness theory of J. Leech and the theory of “face conservation” by Brown and Levinson. An analysis of the main theoretical provisions of the two concepts made it possible to establish that they do not contradict, but complement each other, since J. Leech offers a prescriptive model of the rules for verbal behavior of communicants, and Brown and Levinson provide a descriptive picture of existing strategies and tactics of polite behavior. At the same time, both of these theories are correlated with the theory of speech acts. The study of the functioning of maxim politeness on the material of English and Uzbek dialogues required as a refinement of a number of provisions. The principle of politeness of J. Leech and the theory of “face preservation” by Brown and Levinson, as well as the study of macro strategies and private strategies that implement the maxim of politeness in the speech of English-speaking and Uzbek speaking communicants. Let us examine this question for a moment. The main purpose of swearing is to express emotions, primarily anger and frustration. Swear words are great ways to express these emotions as their primary meanings are connotative, rather than denotative. The emotional impact of swearing depends on a hearer's experience with a culture and its linguistic standards and practices. Research finds that the appropriateness of swearing as considered by hearers is evaluated by several criteria. First, whether swearing is appropriate depends highly upon the context in which it's used. Second, the speaker-listener relationship plays a major role in deeming swearing appropriate or not. Third, the social-physical context needs consideration (e.g. Are you in church? On a Navy ship?), and finally, the particular swear word used will render different effects on audience members. Offensiveness of swearing is perceived to depend upon characteristics of the one using swear words, as well. For native speakers, the gender of the speaker helps classify the appropriateness of swearing, while for non-native speakers, the level of English experience can be an evaluative factor. In sum, this study demonstrates that the appropriateness of swearing depends upon several factors, including characteristics of speaker, hearer, and context, and that these factors require time to fully understand.

In closing, the field of politeness research holds a few twists and turns, as most research areas do. Researchers disagree on definitions and applications of politeness and impoliteness. Nevertheless, we all know, as a practical matter, that politeness matters -- however we would like to define it. In a conversation about communicating with diplomacy and tact, a little digging into the theoretical ideas behind politeness can illuminate some of the complexity surrounding politeness classifications and usages. Perhaps it can be overly simplified as a matter of speaker, hearer, and context, all of which come into play in determining the appropriateness of a verbal or nonverbal communication behavior. We know that indirectness can be perceived as more polite than directness, and in this vein, perhaps asking questions, rather than making declarative statements, can mitigate a FTA. However, if this section reviewing politeness research demonstrates anything, it is that no one answer applies in all situations.