Pedagogical activity of Adolfa Distervega

Pedagogical activity of Adolfa Distervega
Friedrich Adolf Wilhelm Disterveg was born on October 29, 1790 in Zingen , Westphalia. Kak govoril sam uchёnyy, eshchё vo vremya svoego obucheniya v shkole on bыl protivnikom dogmaticheskogo obucheniya. After graduating from Gerborn University in 1808, Disterveg began to study history , mathematics and philosophy. Zatem on perevyolsya v universitet v Tyubingene, gde pozje i poluchil stepen doktora teologii.
Tem ne menee, karera v oblasti bogosloviya ne privlekala Distervega . Although he was a religious man , Disterveg showed a fairly voluntary attitude to certain dogmatic problems.
Buduchi student, Adolf Disterveg studied pedagogical ideas J. J. Russo and Pestalotstsi, then zat ix posledovatelem. Gody raboty v obraztsovoy shkole goroda Frankfurta-na-Mayne, v kotoroy rabotali ucheniki i posledovateli Pestalotstsi, okazali silnoe vliyanie na formirovanie progressivnyx pedagogicheskix ubejdeniy uchёnogo.
Disterveg stal polnostyu podderjival peredovыe pedagogical ubejdeniya Pestalotstsi, i prinyal reshenie posvyatit svoyu jizn i kareru obrazovaniyu naroda. Na protyajenii dlitelnogo vremeni on vozglavlyal uchitelskie seminarii v Merse i v Berline, gde prepodaval matematiku, nemetskiy yazyk i pedagogiku. V to je vremya, Disterveg yavlyalsya uchitelem v opytnyx nachalnyx shkolax pri etix seminiyax.
Sredi posmertnyx bumag uchёnogo bыla obnarujena zametka, kotoraya pozvolila sudit ob otnoshenii Distervega k sobstvennoy deyatelnosti: «Ya uchitel, uchitel vsey dushoy i rad, chto mogu obrazovat uchiteley je. Udastsya me sdelat chto-libo iz seminaristov (hot i ne v smysle chego ugodno), mne nechego zabotitsya o tom, chto oni stanut delat v jizni. Chto chelovek delaet, zavisit ot togo, chto on est. Iz kogo nichego ne vыshlo, po sobstvennoy li vine, v silu li obstoyatelstv, tot mnogogo nikogda ne sdelaet. No nevozmojno, chtoby tot, kto delen, iskusen, lovok, mыslyashchiy, chuvstvuyushchiy chelovek, slovom tot, kto est chto-libo, ne sdelal nichego ili sdelal tolko bespoleznoe, somnitelnoe, durnoe » [1] .
In 1832, Adolf Disterveg was appointed director of the Berlin seminary for urban schools, where he worked for five years. Ucheniki i posledovateli uchёnogo sъezjalis syuda so vsey Germanii, a tak je iz Vengrii i Rossii, chtoby uvidet izvestnogo pedagoga v dele.
During the period 1832 and 1841, Disterveg created four educational institutions in Berline. In 1848 he was ­elected chairman of the All-German Teachers' Union.
In July 1848, three deputies, together with the deputies of the "left" faction of the Prussian National Assembly, signed "Note 23", the authors of which came out against the confessional school and demanded a national school for "all the children of the nation without any differences". Ne smotrya na to, chto Disterveg prizna ­val religiyu v duxe ratsionalisticheskogo xristianstva, v svoix statyax on vystupal protiv kontrolya tserkvi nad shkoloy i podvergal kritike tserkovnыe dogmaty, nazыvaya ix «religioznym absolyutizmom» [2] .
During the period from 1827 to the time of his death, a scholar published "Rhine lists for education and training." In this journal they were discussed more than four hundred states on various issues, kasayushchimsya pedagogics. Yavlyayas priverjentsem radikalnogo uluchsheniya podgotovki prepodavateley nachalnyx shkol, on sdelal mnogoe dlya professionalnogo ob'edineniya uchiteley Germanii.
Iz-za politicheskix sobytiy v Prussia, Adolf Disterveg was appointed posta director of the Berlin seminary in 1847. Pozje, in 1850, after the revolutions, emu prishlos uyti in otstavku.
Tem ne menee, Disterveg ostalsya rukovoditelem uchiteley Germanii, kotorye izbrali ego v kachestve predsedatelya Obshchegermanskogo uchitelskogo soyuza, a vsled za tem - svoim predsedatelem v prusskuyu palatu deputatov. Pochetnoe title "teacher of German teachers" Adolf Disterveg received his life .
For example, "Reynskix listkov", Adolf Disterveg s 1851 year prinyalsya vypuskat "Pedagogical ejegodniki". Naibolee actively began to act after the release of "Prussian relativists " in 1854. This is a reactionary school law. Relyativy sushchestvenno ukorachivali obъёm znaniy ne tolko uchashchixsya nachalnoy shkoly, no i snijali podgotovku prepodavateley v uchitelskix seminaryax. Takim obrazom, snijalos kachestvo obrazovaniya.
In 1835, Adolfom Disterveg published a work entitled "Guide to the education of German teachers." V ney uchёnyy izlojil svoi progressivnye vzglyady na obshchie zadachi i printsipy obucheniya. The first chastnogo sochineniya vklyuchaet ego idei, kasayushchiesya obshchix voprosov pedagogiki i didaktiki, vtoraya chast v osnovnom zatragivaet prepodavanie otdelnyx predmetov, i napisana v soavtorstve s drugimi pelagogami . Dannaya rabota bыla neodnokratno perevedena na russkiy yazyk - v 1913 godu bylo vыpushcheno sokrashchennoe izdanie, a v 1956 godu - rasshirennoe izdanie pod nazvaniem «Rukovodstvo dlya nemetskix uchiteley».