38. Cynthia Chase, “Primary Narcissism and the Giving of Figure: Kriste-
Fîopkins Lfniversity Press, 1986), 95—105.
(summer 1989): 35; Warminski, “ As the Poets Do It’“; and Derrida, “Typewriter
take on special resonance, effectively teach suspicion o f meaning and “the
danger o f unwarranted hopeful solutions,” while demanding, as the price
of possible insight, a commitment to the authority o f the text.
Especially important is de Man’s insistence that we not give in to the
desire for meaning, that reading follow the suspensions o f meaning, the re
sistances to meaning, and his encouragement o f a questioning o f any stop
ping place, any moment that might convince us that we have attained a
demystified knowledge. This frequently puts us in an uncomfortable “pre
carious” situation, as he would put it, precisely at what might seem a pro
grammatic moment. “More than any other mode o f inquiry, including
economics,” de Man writes, in The Resistance to Theory, “the linguistics o f
literariness is a powerful and indispensable tool in the unmasking o f ideo
logical aberrations, as well as a determining factor in accounting for their
occurrence” (ii). That formulation— “determining factor”— seems to me
to carry a warning: to suggest that we should remain alert to the possibil
ity that the tools for unmasking may also be determining factors, factors
that determine and thus help account for ideological aberrations. As so of
ten with de Man, one cannot be sure whether this formulation is a subtle
warning or a grammatical ambiguity. The linguistics o f literariness is an
important factor in accounting for ideological aberrations, but to call it a
determining factor— may this not suggest that it determines them and ac
counts for them because it produces them, as well as helping to analyze and
explain them? As so often, when confronted with indeterminately signifi
cative dimensions o f language on which we cannot but confer sense and
meaning, we are left with that more-than-grammatical problem. Nothing
can overcome the resistance to theory, for it is itself that resistance. But,
as de Man goes on to say, in a sentence less frequently quoted, “Literary
theory is in no danger o f going under; it cannot help but flourish, and the
more it is resisted the more it flourishes, since the language it speaks is the
language o f self-resistance” {RT, 19-го). This is not a matter for celebra
tion— promise o f a rosy future for literary theory— but a recognition that
we are inexorably in theory, whether we champion or deplore it.
С)6
T H E O R Y
C O N C E P T S
Text: Its Vicissitudes
The concept o f text, which has been central to literary studies, has
undergone many mutations as it has traveled from the work o f classical
philologists, for whom it was and is the object o f a powerful disciplin
ary formation, to postmodern theorists of the text, for whom the concept
might be summed up by the title o f a fine book by John Mowatt: Text: The
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