part of any exploration of the issue of an appropriate scale of artistic re-
sponse to historical currents and political crises of great moment, an issue
that has always been at the base of Soyinka’s sense of the social ramifica-
tions of modern African literature. It has famously been expressed in his
critical writings, especially in such widely discussed essays as “The Writer
The “drama of existence”: sources and scope
in a Modern African State,” “And After the Narcissist?,” “Climates of
Art” and “The Credo of Being and Nothingness.” And it is particu-
larly relevant, as we have seen in our discussion of
From Zia with Love
,
to Soyinka’s great dramas and is perhaps the most appropriate frame
for the detailed exploration of Soyinka’s greatest dramatic creations to
which we now turn in the next chapter of this study.
Ritual, anti-ritual and the festival complex in
Soyinka’s dramatic parables
In the selection of pretenders, a new ‘king maker’ takes part, it is
ritual legitimation, the ability to rely on ritual, to fulfill it and use
it, to allow oneself, as it were to be borne aloft by it . . . Because
of this dictatorship of the ritual, however, power becomes clearly
anonymous. Individuals are almost dissolved in the ritual . . . (and)
it seems as though ritual alone carries people from obscurity to the
light of power.
Vaclav Havel,
The Power of the Powerless
The plays discussed in this chapter are amongst Soyinka’s most ambi-
tious and most memorable dramas, but are also the most pessimistic in
his dramatic corpus:
A Dance of the Forests
,
The Road
,
Madmen and Special-
ists
,
Death and the King’s Horseman
and
The Bacchae of Euripides
. Moreover,
in terms of form and craft, and of language and ideas, Soyinka is at
his most resourceful and most vigorous in this group of dark, brooding
plays. Because each of these plays deals with, or derives directly from
a major historical event or crisis, the dramatist’s artistic resourcefulness
in the plays seems in turn to be linked to that element in his career
as a dramatist that we have identified in Chapter
of this study as
the imperative of appropriate response. Within the logic of this imper-
ative, an historic event, a widespread socioeconomic trend, or world-
historical forces which engender massive individual and collective crises
of conscience find Soyinka responding through dramas which, in order
to match the instigating event or condition, contain startling or provoca-
tive formalistic and thematic expressions. How does this operate in each
of these plays?
A Dance of the Forests
was written and produced as part of the Nigerian
independence celebrations in
; appropriate to the historic task of
forging a nation out of diverse peoples and communities that the cel-
ebrations symbolically entailed, the central action of the play revolves
around a “gathering of the tribes” at which the festivities intended to
Dramatic parables: ritual, anti-ritual, the “festival complex”
celebrate the glorious past and hopeful future of the assembled “tribes”
turns into an unanticipated encounter with monstrous evils in the past
and present life of the community.
The Road
, written for, and staged
at the Commonwealth Arts Festival in
, dramatizes the profound
dislocating impact of the forces of technology and social and cultural
change on the daily lives of the newly urbanized working poor of West
African cities who try to make a living out of professions associated with
the roads and the highways.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |