Reading Black: Essays in the Criticism of African, Caribbean and Black American
Literature
, Houston A. Baker (ed.), Ithaca: Cornell University Africana Stud-
ies and Research Center,
,
–
.
I have explored the differences and common grounds of the two camps of
Achebe-Ngugi “realism” and Soyinka “avantgardism” in modern African
writing and their influences on younger African writers in an essay, “What
Is the Will Of Ogun: Reflections on Soyinka’s Nobel Prize and the African
Literary Tradition” in
The Literary Half-yearly
, Mysore, India, vol.
, no.
( July
),
–
.
“Drama and the Idioms of Liberation,” in Soyinka,
Art, Dialogue and Outrage
,
–
.
Nadine Gordimer, “Soyinka the Tiger,” in Maja-Pearce (ed.),
Wole Soyinka:
An Appraisal
,
–
.
Biodun Jeyifo, “Of Veils, Shrouds and Freedom: Soyinka and the Di-
alectics of Complexity and Simplicity” in
Perspectives on Wole Soyinka: Free-
dom and Complexity
, Jackson, MI: University Press of Mississippi,
,
ix–xxii.
For an engaging exploration of “will” in the drama and literary career of
Soyinka, see H.L. Gates, Jr., “Being, the Will and the Semantics of Death”
in
Perspectives on Wole Soyinka: Freedom and Complexity
,
–
.
I base this assertion on the totality of Soyinka’s artistic works, theoretical
and philosophical views and political journalism. Certainly, between such
works as
A Play of Giants
,
The Road
,
Madmen and Specialists
,
Season of Anomy
,
The Man Died
,
Ibadan: the ‘Penkelemes’ Years
,
From Zia with Love
and
The Be-
atification of Area Boy
as well as essays like “The Fourth Stage,” “And After
the Narcissist?,” “The Writer in a Modern African State” and “Cilmates
of Art,” it is possible to see strands of “Sorelian,” “Fanonist” and anarcho-
syndicalist traditions of revolutionary violence, as well as the sort of “sacred”
sacrificial violence that Girard explores sympathetically if critically in his
Notes to pages
–
influential monograph,
Violence and the Sacred
. Among Nigerian writers of a
slightly younger generation, Festus Iyayi, Femi Osofisan and Niyi Osundare
have also been deeply marked by this Soyinkan obsession with violence, the
direct, repressive violence of the rulers, and the far more lethal violence
in
the political economy and social relations of dispossession, immiseration
and disenfranchisement. For Georges Sorel, see his
Reflections on Violence
(au-
thorized translation by T.E. Hulme), New York: B.W. Huebsch,
. For
Fanon, see the chapter “Concerning Violence” in his
The Wretched of the
Earth
(translated by Constance Farrington), New York: Grove Press,
.
For Ren´e Girard, see his
Violence and the Sacred
, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
University Press,
.
Bibliography
The House of Banigeji
(dramatic fragment) in
Reflections: Nigerian Prose and Verse
,
Frances Ademola (ed.), Lagos, Nigeria: African Universities Press,
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