The Interpreters
, the motif of the mock-serious joke is built into an elaborate
scatological satire and social commentary in the journalist Biodun Sagoe’s
philosophy of “voidancy”; in
The Road
, nearly all the songs and jokes of the
denizens of the motor-parks and the highways are ribald and subversive of
authority, respectability or piety.
See Soyinka’s review of J.P. Clark’s
America, Their America
, “A Maverick in
America,”
Ibadan
,
( June),
,
–
. For Clark’s angry response see his
“Letter to the Editor,”
Ibadan
,
(October),
,
.
Penelope Gilliat, “A Nigerian Original” in James Gibbs (ed.),
Critical Perspectives
on Wole Soyinka
, Washington, DC: Three Continents Press,
,
–
.
The sixteen countries were the Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad,
Congo Republic, Dahomey (now Benin), Gabon, Mauritania, Cote D’Voire,
Malagasy, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, Togo and Upper Volta
(now Burkina Fasso).
Political independence from colonial rule came to different parts of Africa
and the developing world in waves and cycles. In Africa, Liberia was never
colonized and except for Mussolini’s brief incursion into Ethiopia, that coun-
try was also uncolonized. Egypt became independent in
, thirty-four
years before Ghana, whereas independence did not come to the Portuguese
colonies until the
s and to Zimbabwe in
.
For a comprehensive but highly problematic profile of the African postcolony,
see Achille Mbembe,
On the Postcolony
, Berkeley: University of California Press,
.
These aspects of his early career and development are extensively explored
by Soyinka himself in
Ibadan: the ‘Penkelemes’ Years
.
For substantial discussions of these cultural and literary currents, see Kofi
Awoonor,
The Breast of the Earth: A Survey of the History, Culture and Literature
Notes to pages
–
of Africa South of the Sahara
, Garden City, NY: Anchor Press,
; Claude
Wauthier,
The Literature and Thought of Modern Africa
, (translated by Shirley
Kay) Washington, DC: Three Continents Press,
and Robert July,
An
African Voice: the Role of the Humanities in African Independence
, Durham, NC:
Duke University Press,
.
For the excitement generated by the emergence of this body of writings, see
the early issues of the journals,
Black Orpheus
and
Transition
.
For a book-length study of this aspect of modern Nigerian literature, see
James Booth,
Writers and Politics in Nigeria
, London: Hodder and Stoughton,
.
For two critical studies of some of the writers in this group, see Chris
Dunton,
Make Man Talk True: Nigerian Drama in English Since
, London and
New York: Hans Zell Publishers,
and Ahmed Yerima and Ayo
Akinwale, eds.,
Theatre and Democracy in Nigeria
, Ibadan, Nigeria: Kraft Books,
. For a vigorously polemical criticism of the aesthetic and ideolog-
ical maturity of the fiction of some writers in this group, see Adewale
Maja-Pearce,
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |