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Chapter Four - Wittenoom: the Men’s Perspective
Because if here you earn ten cents won’t you go where you can earn twenty
?
1
Despite the isolation and difficult conditions, in the 1950s and 1960s 7,000 workers from 52
migrant groups, including 1,102 Italians, were employed at Wittenoom.
Few of the Italians
recruited in 1951 were fluent in English. These men signed the conditions of employment on
the basis of what had been explained to them in Italian. Once they saw the conditions
firsthand, some disputed what they had been told. Many of those without accompanying
family left as soon as they could repay the air fare. During the mine’s 23 year operation, the
living and working conditions resulted in a highly transient population. Participants reported
never having been told about the health dangers. As we shall see in Chapter Nine,
CSR and
the Department of Mines were aware of the hazards of asbestos exposure, but ignored or
were slow in responding to the Department of Health and Mines Inspectors’ warnings of the
health risks to workers. In order to provide
the foundations for their sistemazione later in
Perth or back in Italy, Italians tolerated the conditions for longer periods than most other
workers, particularly if accompanied by their families. Some, however, spent their money on
gambling and drinking to alleviate the boredom and the isolation,
forcing them to start again
once they settled elsewhere.
The accounts of 11 ex-miners and millers, six wives and seven children inform this
chapter. Through their stories and original photographs provided by them and the Asbestos
Diseases Society of Australia, it is my intention to give the reader a sense of what life in this
isolated town must have been like for the
single and married men, particularly before the
arrival of their wives and children. The participants’ accounts reveal Italian workers’
expectations before their arrival in Wittenoom, their first impressions, life in the town, the
conditions in
the mine and the mill, the occupational health and safety issues, why they
stayed briefly or for so long, and their reasons for leaving. Despite subsequent workers being
told of the difficult working conditions, news of the high earnings continued to draw them to
1
Interview with Lina Tagliaferri, Perth, November 2008. Her husband went directly to Wittenoom,
having been recruited by Australian Blue Asbestos Limited in 1951.
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the mining town. In 1966, to overcome their ongoing labour shortage,
CSR widened their net
to Lebanon, where they recruited twenty-six workers from Beirut.
2
Few Italians remained in
the town. By 1966 when the mine closed, only 18 of the 140 families were Italian.
3
A further
attempt to attract Italians in Italy had failed.
4
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