then ulcerate; deep abscesses with sinus tracts occur;
polyarthritis, meningitis, pneumonia
Rook p.1146–1147,
1998, Sixth Edition
Gnathostomiasis/paragonimus – migratory cellulitis-like plaques
JAAD 33:825–828, 1995; JAAD 13:835–836, 1985
Haemophilus influenzae – facial cellulitis in children Am J Med
63:449, 1977
Haelicobacter cinaedi – cellulitis
Ann Intern Med 121:90–93,
1994; J Clin Inf Dis 20:564–570, 1995
Hepatitis C infection – necrolytic acral erythema; red to
hyperpigmented psoriasiform plaques with variable scale or
erosions of feet or shins
JAAD 53:247–251, 2005; Int J Derm
35:252–256, 1996
Herpes zoster
Histoplasmosis – panniculitis
JAAD 25:912–914, 1991; AD
132:341–346, 1996; JAAD 25:418–422, 1991; Medicine
60:361–373, 1990; cellulitis AD 118:3–4, 1982; S Med J
74:635–637, 1981; AD 95:345–350, 1967
Impetigo
Infected mesh graft inserted during abdominal surgery
Insect bite reaction – mimicking infectious cellulitis
Ann Intern
Med 142:47–55, 2005
Klebsiella pneumoniae – cellulitis JAAD 51:836, 2004
Legionella micdadei – cellulitis Am J Med 92:104–106, 1992
Leishmaniasis – acute cutaneous leishmaniasis
AD
122:329–334, 1986; Leishmania tropica (dry, urban type) –
brown nodule extends to plaque with central ulceration
Rook p.1413–1414, 1998, Sixth Edition; leishmaniasis
recidivans (lupoid leishmaniasis) – brown–red or brown–yellow
papules close to scar of previously healed lesion; resemble
lupus vulgaris; may ulcerate or form concentric rings; keloidal
form, verrucous form of legs, extensive psoriasiform dermatitis;
red crusted plaque
JAAD 47:614–616, 2002; Rook p.1414,
1998, Sixth Edition; localized cutaneous leishmaniasis –
L. viannia panamensis; Lutzomyia trapidoi (vector) AD
139:1075–1080, 2003
Leprosy – borderline; tuberculoid – well-defined edge, red,
copper or purple colored plaque with hypopigmented center;
hairless
Rook p.1223, 1998, Sixth Edition; erythema nodosum
leprosum
JAAD 51:416–426, 2004; Lucio’s phenomenon – firm
subcutaneous plaque
AD 114:1023–1028, 1978; borderline
Rook p.1225, 1998, Sixth Edition; type 1 reaction in borderline
Rook p.1227, 1998, Sixth Edition; immune reconstitution
inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in HIV disease – ulcerated
plaque
AD 140:997–1000, 2004
Listeriosis
Lobomycosis
Lupus vulgaris – crusted hyperkeratotic plaque with nodules
and scarring; due to BCG inoculation
BJD 144:444–445, 2001
Lyme disease
Mastitis – infectious
JAAD 43:733–751, 2000
Microsporum gypseum – plaque with multiple nodules and
pustules
BJD 146:311–313, 2002
Moraxella species – preseptal cellulitis and facial erysipelas
Clin Exp Dermatol 19:321–323, 1994
Mucormycosis
Ped Derm 20:411–415, 2003
Mycobacterium abscessus – cellulitis J Clin Inf Dis
24:1147–1153, 1997
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare JAAD 21:574–576, 1989;
JAAD 33:528–531, 1995
Mycobacterium bovis AD 126:123–124, 1990
Mycobacterium chelonae – with pustules JAAD 24:867–870,
1991; cellulitis J Infect Dis 166:405–412,1992
Mycobacterium fortuitum panniculitis JAAD 39:650–653, 1998;
cellulitis
Dermatol Surg 26:588–590, 2000; mimicking lupus
vulgaris
BJD 147:170–173, 2002
Mycobacterium hemophilum Am J Transplant 2:476–479, 2002;
BJD 149:200–202, 2003; JAAD 40:804–806, 1994; ulcerated
red plaque
AD 141:897–902, 2005
Mycobacterium kansasii – red plaque JAAD 41:854–856, 1999;
JAAD 40:359–363, 1999; Am Rev Resp Dis 112:125,1979;
JAAD 36:497–499, 1997, Cutis 31:87–89, 1983
Mycobacterium marinum
Mycobacterium szulgai – diffuse cellulitis, nodules, and sinuses
Am Rev Respir Dis 115:695–698, 1977
Mycobacterium thermoresistible – violaceous indurated plaque
Clin Inf Dis 31:816–817, 2000
Mycobacterium tuberculosis – lupus vulgaris; lupus vulgaris
simulating a port wine stain
BJD 119:127–128, 1988; ulcerated
plaque of buttocks (lupus vulgaris)
BJD 146:525–527, 2002;
starts as red–brown plaque, enlarges with serpiginous margin
or as discoid plaques; apple-jelly nodules; plaque form –
psoriasiform, irregular scarring, serpiginous margins; ulcerative
and mutilating forms, vegetating forms – ulcerate, areas of
necrosis, invasion of mucous membranes with destruction of
cartilage (lupus vorax); tumor-like forms – deeply infiltrative; soft
smooth nodules or red–yellow hypertrophic plaque;
myxomatous form with large tumors of the earlobes;
lymphedema prominent; papular and nodular forms; nasal,
buccal, and conjunctival involvement with friable nodules which
ulcerate; vegetative and ulcerative lesions of buccal mucosa,
palate, gingiva, oropharynx; head, neck, around nose,
extremities, trunk
Int J Dermatol 26:578–581, 1987; Acta Tuberc
Scand 39 (Suppl 49):1–137, 1960; erythema induratum
Morganella morganii
Myiasis, subcutaneous (
Dermatobia hominis) Z Hautkr
61:958–962, 1986
Necrotizing fasciitis –
Streptococcus pyogenes Ann DV
128:376–381, 2001; AD 130:1150–1158, 1994; Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species,
Peptostreptococcus, Bacteroides fragilis Clin Inf Dis 33:6–15,
2001; Streptococcus pneumoniae – due to intramuscular
injection
Clin Inf Dis 33:740–744, 2001; Serratia marcescens
Clin Inf Dis 23:648–649, 1996; JAAD 20:774–778, 1989;
Bacteroides spp.in penile necrotizing fasciitis JAAD 37:1–24,
1997; neonatal Pediatrics 103:e53, 1999; in infancy Ped Derm
2:55–63, 1984; clostridial cellulitis (gangrene); progressive
synergistic gangrene; gangrenous cellulitis (
Pseudomonas);
Fournier’s gangrene
Rook p.1164, 1998, Sixth Edition;
necrotizing fasciitis associated with injection drug abuse –
gram-positive aerobes –
Staphylococcus aureus, viridans group
streptococci,
Streptococcus pyogenes, coagulase-negative
Staphylococcus species, Enterococcus species; gram-negatives –
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus species; Clostridium
perfringens, Clostridium species Clin Inf Dis 33:6–15, 2001
Neisseria meningitidis – cellulitis Clin Inf Dis 21:1023–1025,
1995; periarticular erythema of chronic meningococcemia
Nocardiosis
JAAD 23:399–400, 1990; JAAD 13:125–133, 1985;
Nocardia asteroides – cellulitis BJD 144:639–641, 2001; AD
121:898–900, 1985; N. brasiliensis cellulitis of legs, arms, trunk
and face
J Inf Dis 134 (3):286–289, 1976; Nocardia nova – red
plaque of hand
BJD 145:154–156, 2001
North American blastomycosis
Onchocerciasis – erysipelas-like acute lesions – erysipela de la
Costa; eosinophilic cellulitis
J R Soc Med 78 Suppl 11:21–22,
1985
Paecilomyces marquandii, P. lilacinus, P. variotii – cellulitis
BJD 143:647–649, 2000; JAAD 39:401–409, 1998;
AD 122:1169, 1986
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