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  rise time and Fall time in First-order circuits



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Electric Circuit Analysis by K. S. Suresh Kumar

10.4.3 
rise time and Fall time in First-order circuits
Rise time (t
r
)’ and ‘Fall time (t
f
)’ are two measures of time delay defined in the context of unit step 
response for linear dynamic systems. These two measures are quite general in definition in order to 


10.18
First-Order 
RL
Circuits
accommodate wide variety of systems having many terms in their transient response. However, in the 
case of simple first-order systems there is a direct relationship between the time constant and rise and 
fall times.
Rise time is defined as the time interval between the first 10% point and first 90% point in the 
rising step response of a system where the percentages are to the base of the final step response value. 
Similarly, fall time is defined as the time interval between the first 90% point and the first 10% point 
in the step response of a system where the response variable is such that it starts at a non-zero initial 
value and decays to zero value in the long run. The percentages are to the base of the initial response 
value in this case.
These two definitions are illustrated in the case of series RL circuit step response in Fig. 10.4-3. 
Normalised variables are used in this figure and the corresponding normalised time points at which 
the 10% and 90% crossover takes place are also marked in the figure. From the figure, it is clear 
that rise time and fall time of this circuit are equal to 

2.2
t
s, where 
t
is the time constant of the 
circuit. This result is valid for any circuit described by a first-order linear differential equation 
with constant coefficients and has nothing to do with the inductive nature of the circuit under
consideration. 
2.2
2.3026
0.1054
V
Ln
3
2
1
0.25
0.50
0.75
90%
90%
10%
10%
1.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
t
/
τ
i
Ln
,
V
Rn
2.2
2.3026
0.1054
3
2
1
t
/
τ
Fig. 10.4-3 
Rise time and fall time in series 
RL
circuit
These two measures are defined for a general circuit of any order and therefore serve as measures 
of delay in response and depth of memory in the circuit in situations where a single time constant 
cannot be identified as the major delaying factor in the circuit.

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