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Bog'liq
Electric Circuit Analysis by K. S. Suresh Kumar

V
P

V
P
–120º
V
P
V
P
120º
2
+

+
+


B
Y
R
V
P

V
P
–120º
V
P
120º
+

+
+


V
P
2

(b)
YN
BN
RN
(V)
V
P
2
V
P
2

t
ω
t
Fig. 8.2-1 

(a)ApositivesequenceY-connectedthree-phasesource(b)Anegativesequence
Y-connectedthree-phasesource


8.8


SinusoidalSteady-StateinThree-PhaseCircuits
We start at the Y-line terminal and traverse through the two sources, reach R-line terminal and 
move to Y-terminal by falling through 
V
RY
. The KVL equation we get is 
V
RY
=
V
RN
– 
V
YN
. Refer to 
the phasor diagram shown in Fig. 8.2-2. 
V
RN
is taken as reference and a horizontal line of length V
P
(the rms value of phase sources) to suitable scale is drawn to represent it. The remaining two phase 
voltages – 
V
YN
and 
V
BN
– are at –120
°
and –240
°
positions as shown. Now, the equation 
V
RY
=
V
RN
– 
V
YN
is implemented by rotating 
V
YN
by 180
°
, moving a copy of 
V
RN
to the tip of –
V
YN
and completing 
the triangle. The result is the first line voltage 
V
RY

We observe by projecting the lengths of 
V
RN
and –
V
YN
on to 
V
RY
that magnitude of 
V
RY
is 2 cos30
°
V
P
=

V
P
. We represent the magnitude of line voltage by V
L
. Hence, V
L
=

V
P
. We observe further 
that the first line voltage, 
V
RY
leads the first phase voltage 
V
RN
by 30
°
.
The remaining two line voltages are also obtained by using equations 
V
YB
=
V
YN
– 
V
BN
and 
V
BR
=
V
BN
– 
V
RN
. Obviously, the three line voltages form a three-phase balanced set of voltages. 
ThelinevoltagesinabalancedY-connectedsourceformabalancedthree-phasesetof
voltagesthatare

3timesinmagnitudeand30
°
aheadinphasewithrespecttophase
voltages.
The line currents in Y-connected source need not be cophasal with the phase voltages. That depends 
on the load. Assuming that the load is a balanced one, the line currents themselves will form a three-
phase balanced set of phasors that are displaced in phase by a phase-lag angle 
q
with respect to 
respective phase voltages. 
Thus, 

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