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Electric Circuit Analysis by K. S. Suresh Kumar

example: 3.6-1
Charging a large number of capacitors in parallel from a low voltage DC source and later reconnecting 
them in series after removing the source is a technique that is employed in High Voltage Engineering 
for producing high DC voltages. Solid state switches are used for forming parallel and series 
combinations of capacitors for this purpose. Usually capacitors with same capacitance value are 
employed. Assume that the capacitors used in such a system have a tolerance band of 
±
20% in 
their capacitance value. Consider such a system employing 8 capacitors of 2
m
F each. The charging 
voltage is 400 V. Assume that four of them had capacitance value at lower end of tolerance band and 
the remaining four had capacitance value at higher end of the band. (i) What is the initial energy 
content in the series combination? (ii) If the high voltage obtained from the series combination is 
used to deliver a pulse of energy to a test specimen, what is the maximum energy that is available for
this purpose?
Solution
Let the nominal value of capacitors be represented by C. Then four capacitors are of 0.8C farads and 
remaining four are of 0.12C farads. The effective capacitor is then 0.8C/4 and 1.2C/4 in series 
=
0.12C 
farads. The initial voltage across the effective capacitor 
=

× 
400V 
=
3200 V.
(i) Initial energy of the series combination 
=
0.5 C (4 
× 
0.8 
× 
400
2


× 
1.2 
× 
400
2

=
640000C J. 
Substituting C 
=
2
m
F, initial energy 
=
1.28J
(ii) Initial energy calculated from equivalent circuit 
=
0.5 C 
× 
0.12 
× 
3200
2
=
614400C J. Substituting 
for C
=
1.229 J. Therefore the maximum energy available for specimen testing is 1.229 J, i.e., 
about 96% of total stored energy. The remaining 4% is trapped in the series combination and will 
not be available to external elements.

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