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LITERATURE OF KUMUK TURKS IN PAST
AND PRESENT
Abstract: 
The sources until the nineteenth century do not 
contain the term “Kumuk literature”. After the occupation of the 
Caucasus, Russia started making “traps” by dividing nations into 
parts with the aim of strengthening its power. This policy resulted 
in the creation of new literary language, new history of literature 
and new history for each region inhabited by Turks who had 
unique written literature for centuries.
The book “Noqayskie-Kumukskiye teksti” (Collection of 
Nogay-Kumuk songs, proverbs, sayings) published by Muham- 
met Efendi Osmanov in 1883 in Sankt-Petersburg is considered 
to be the fırst book on kumuk dialect. “Minkullnun yiri” collected 
from Kumuks reminds of Shumer epos “Bilgamish”; the tale 
“Eniligim, Senligim eshkini ach!” reminds of the battle between 
goat and wolf (or between goat and lion) in Shumer tale; the tale 
“Bozoghlan” reminds of “Bamsi Beyrek” in “Dede Korkut”; the 
fıght between the hero in “Javat biy” with the angel of death 
reminds of Deli Domrul in “Dede Korkut”; the tale “Koroghlu” 
reminds of the epos “Koroghlu”. Such resemblances are 
encountered not only in folklore but also in written literature.
The start of the history of written Kumuk literature is claimed to 
begin with Kamal Ummu Nuri who lived in the fıfteenth century. 
His published poems bear similarity with Turkic of Azerbaijan and 
Turkey rather than with modern Kumuk Turkic.
Some recent researchers associate Kumuk history and lite- 
rature with Shumers. They tend to include joint Turkic literary 
works into the history of Kumuk literature and study them.
Although Russian-Soviet colonizers tried to create Kumuk 
language and Kumuk literature for 150 years artifıcally, the 
folklore samples collected from the Kumuks and even works by

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modern Kumuk writers possess differences only given the dialect. 
Their idea, style, content and vocabulary prove that they are part 
ofjoint Turkic literature.
The article considers kumuk folklore and the life and creative 
activities of such writers of Kumuk written literature as Ummu 
Kamal (XV), Abdulrahman Atlıboyunlu (XIX 1), Yırchı Kazak 
(1830-79), Mahammat Apendi Osmanov (1838-1904), Abusup- 
yan Akayev (1872-1931), Manay Alibekov (1861-1920), Nuhay 
(1865-1919) və Zeynalabid (1865-1919) Batırmurzayev, Abdulla 
Mahammadov (1864-1937), Temirbolat Biybolatov (1879-1942), 
Nabi Khanmurzayev (1893-1950), Bahautdin Astemirov (1898- 
1967), Alimpasha Salavatov (1901-42), Abdulvahab Suleymanov 
(1909-95), Yusup Gereyev (1903-1941), Atqay Hacamatov 
(1910-98), Kamil Sultan (1911-2002), Rasul Rasulov (1912-77),
H.Anvar (1914-92), İbrahim Kerimov (1922), Srajdin Tokbolatov 
(1923), Sharip Aliberiyev (1926), Abdulla Abakarov (1928), Ab- 
dulmejit Mejidov (1936), Mahammat Atabayev (1938), Badrutdin 
Muhammadov (1943), Sheyit Xanım Alisheva (1949), Atav Ata- 
yev (1949), Jeminat Kerimova (1949), Bahavutdin Hacıyev 
(1950), Supiyan Mamayeva (1958) Abdulkerim Zalimxanov, Na- 
biulla Mahammadov.