IMPROVING THE MANAGEMENT OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
OF COMMERCIAL BANKS
Almosova Nargiza
Sadullayev Oybek
Master student of Tashkent financial institute
+998990009442
Abstract: the article presents the need for and development of foreign economic
activity, current issues in increasing the export potential of the national economy, as
well as the main risks that may affect the development of foreign economic activity in
the current situation on the world market. It is also necessary to increase the role of
commercial banks and their role in foreign economic activity, analyzing the changing
trends in foreign trade turnover of the country.
Key words: commercial banks, foreign economic activity, risk, stability of the foreign
economic system, rational management system of foreign economic activities.
As it is widely accepted that one of the important issues in ensuring stable
development of the national economy in the process of globalization is the effective
management of foreign economic activity. Effective organization of foreign economic
activity has positive impact on increasing competition in all sectors of the economy as
well as serves to strengthen the country's position in world markets. In this regard, it is
important for our country to establish and strengthen economic cooperation with many
foreign countries, actively cooperate with various economic and financial
organizations around the world. Both domestic and foreign participants of foreign
economic relations: exporters, investors and borrowers in the foreign market,
international financial and industrial group with participation of Uzbek capital, and
others are interested in the improvement of banking of foreign economic activities.
And undoubtedly, the role of commercial banks among foreign economic actors is of
high importance.
Reforms currently being implemented in the banking and financial system are clearly
noticeable, in which the activities and efforts of the state, banks, and international
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financial institutions to privatize banks are particularly important. The president Sh.
M. Mirziyoyev has repeatedly mentioned in his speeches about the need for reforms of
Uzbek banking system. It is known that international financial institutions already
work closely with local banks and advise on privatization issues. Moreover, the
increasing role of IT technology and the introduction of new solutions should be noted
for providing banking services.
The decree ―On the strategy of reforming the banking system of the Republic of
Uzbekistan for 2020-2025‖ was adopted by the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan on May 12, 2020[1]. It clearly defines the need to reform banks by
improving the efficiency of the banking system and creating equal competitive
conditions in the financial market, improving corporate governance and attracting
managers with international practical experience, and most importantly, reducing the
state‘s share in banks through a comprehensive transformation of commercial banks
with a state share. According to the decree increasing the role of commercial banks as
a financial intermediary, mobilizing funds for investment and directing them to finance
the most financially and economically viable sectors is recognized one of the most
important factors of improving the efficiency of the banking system in economic
development to meet the growing needs of businesses and the population for
affordable and quality financial services.
The decree also prohibited heads of ministries, departments and local government
bodies from interfering in the activities of banks, including managing business risks
related to the formation of banks ‗loan portfolios and assets, which sometimes
occurred in practice. In accordance with the decree, the Prosecutor General‘s office of
the Republic of Uzbekistan was instructed to strengthen supervision over the
implementation of legislation on banks and banking activities in order to prevent
administrative interference in the activities of banks by state bodies.
In pursuance with Research of Banking Services in the Sphere of Foreign Economic
Activity conducted by Rahman M. S. and Mangushev D. V., banking operations in the
global market are carried out through international banking departments, offices,
branches and subsidiaries abroad as well as joint banks and offshore banks. Being an
important link in international trade, banks, through providing a number of services to
clients-traders, implement the following tasks:[2]
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•
rendering maximum services to clients: exporters/importers;
•
reducing the risks of international transactions;
•
providing for foreign exchange earnings of the client, bank and country as a
whole.
Types of banking services provided in the sphere of foreign economic activities
include: direct and indirect funding, crediting and reducing export taxes, insuring.
Deducing the abovementioned points, it can be included what operations of foreign
economic activity of the bank include in itself:
1)
Concluding the contract on correspondent relations with banks abroad and the
opening of correspondent accounts;
2)
Operations on ¬financing of foreign economic activity of enterprises:
counseling; assistance in choosing terms of payment, making cashless payment,
providing bank guarantee, hedging foreign currency risks, crediting foreign trade
operations;
3)
The opening of factoring, leasing and other types of companies;
4)
Acquiring ownership interests in foreign banks;
5)
Other specialized services, creating and introducing the newest services,
developing the banking system both inside the country and abroad;
6)
Opening branches and offices abroad.
Determining factors in improving the competitiveness of a particular country in the
international arena do not only include the current level of economic development but
also the degree of integration of its banking system in international economic relations.
That is why challenges and trends for financial development and foreign transactions
of banks in Uzbekistan need further consideration.
The foreign economic activity of our country, in particular, foreign trade relations, is
one of the main factors influencing on the development of sectors of the national
economy. The foreign trade turnover in January-August 2020 amounted to 24537.2
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million US dollars, reduced by USD 3554.2 mln or 12.7 percent compared to the same
period last year[3]. The pandemic in the world and the crisis in the economies of a
number of countries as a result of its impact on the decline in foreign trade turnover in
the same period of this year compared to last year had a negative impact. Of the 20
largest foreign trade partners, only five had positive foreign trade balances, including
Afghanistan ($ 461.8 million), Kyrgyzstan ($ 394.5 million) and Tajikistan ($ 193.1
million). (US $ 39.6 million) and Iran (US $ 39.6 million). The passive foreign trade
balance with other countries is maintained[3].
Currently, there are a number of risks that may affect on the development of foreign
economic activity in the world market, such as crises and unsustainable development
in the world economy, increased competition due to the transition of developed
countries to new technologies, instability and direct flow of capital in the world and
reduction of foreign investment inflows[4], probability of decline in demand for
traditional export goods in Uzbekistan and declining economic growth in Uzbekistan's
main trading partners. These threats are becoming more urgent in the context of the
ongoing pandemic in the world. Therefore, the establishment of new standards of
implementation of foreign economic relations and their effectiveness requires the
introduction of a rational management system of foreign economic activities. That is
why the analysis of problems connected with the influence of factors is getting the
actual relevance that ensure the effectiveness of external relations of economic entities
and on this basis - improving the decision-making process in foreign economic
activity.
Properly formulated and developed foreign economic policy is a guarantee of the
successful development of the country‘s economy, achieved by the ability to timely
respond to changes in the environment, to adjust to up-to-date trends.
References:
1.
O‗zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2020 yil 12 maydagi «2020 — 2025-
yillarga mo‗ljallangan O‗zbekiston Respublikasining bank tizimini isloh qilish
strategiyasi to‗g‗risida»gi PF-5992-sonli Farmoni.
49
2.
Rahman M. S., Mangushev D. V. ―Research of Banking Services in the Sphere
of Foreign Economic Activity‖ https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/research-of-banking-
services-in-the-sphere-of-foreign-economic-activity
3.
Ataniyazov, J. Doctor of Economics, prof., and Mannonov, N. Finance Institute
of Tashkent (2021) "IMPORTANT ASPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF
FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY," International Finance and Accounting: Vol.
2021: Iss. 1, Article 31. Available at:
https://uzjournals.edu.uz/interfinance/vol2021/iss1/31
4.
Vitlinskyi V., Makhanets L. Modeling situations in foreign economic activity.
The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration Volume 18, Isuue1(27),
2018
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