146
He said: “I
will watch
TV
tomorrow
”
He said
that
he
would watch
TV
the
following day
He said: “I’
m watching
TV
now
”
He said
that
he
was watching
TV
then
He said: “I
was watching
TV
at 2
yesterday
”
He said
that
he
had been watching
TV
at 2 the last day
He said: “I
will be watching
TV
at 2
tomorrow
”
He said
that
he
would be watching
TV at
2 the following
day
He said: “I
have watched
TV”
He said
that
he
had watched
TV
He said: “I
had watched
TV
by 2
yesterday
”
He said
that
he
had watched
TV
by 2
the last day
He said: “I will have watched TV by 2
tomorrow”
He said that he would have watched
TV by 2 the
following day
He said: “I
have been watching
TV
for
2 hours
”
He said
that
he
had been watching
TV
for 2 hours
He said: “I
had been watching
TV
for
2 hours
”
He said
that
he
had been watching
TV
for 2 hours
He said: “I
will have been watching
TV
for 2 hours
”
He said
that
he
would have been
watching
TV
for 2
hours
Rule 3:
Bosh gapning kesimi o’tgan zamonda bo’lgan holda ko’chirma gapdan
o’zlashtirma gapga modal fe’llar quyidagicha o’zgaradi:
Direct Speech:
Indirect Speech:
* Could
Can
* Could
May
* Must
Must
Have to
Should
Ought to
Could
Could
Could have
Might
Had to
Must
Had to
Should
Ought to
NOTE 1:
Bosh gapning kesimi o’tgan zamonda bo’lgan holda,
“could” modal fe’li
“qila olmoq” ma’nosida
o’tgan zamonni ifodalagan holda, ko’chirma gapdan
o’zlashtirma gapga o’tganda
“could have done”
shaklida o’zgaradi:
Direct Speech:
Indirect Speech:
Jack said: “I
could
speak English
10
years ago
” – Jek dedi: “Men 10 yil
oldin inglizcha gapira olardim”
Jack said that he
could have spoken
English
10 years
before –
Jek 10 yil
oldin inglizcha gapira olganligini
aytdi
NOTE 2:
Bosh gapning kesimi o’tgan zamonda bo’lgan holda
, “could” modal fe’li
ruxsat so’rash va tahmin ma’nolarida
ko’chirma gapdan o’zlashtirma gapga
o’zgarmasdan o’tadi:
147
Direct Speech:
Indirect Speech:
Jack told me: “
Could
I use your
phone?” – Jek menga dedi:
“Telefoningizdan foydalansam
maylimi?”
Jack said: “The weather
could
change later” – Jek dedi: “Keyinroq
ob-havo o’zgarishi mumkin”
Jack told me if he
could
use my
phone – Jek telefonimdan
foydalanishga ruxsat so’radi
Jack said that the weather
could
change later – Jek keyinroq ob-havo
o’zgarishi mumkinligini aytdi
Ko’chirma va o’zlashtirma gaplarda “must” modal fe’lining
qo’llanishi
a)
Bosh gapning kesimi o’tgan zamonda bo’lgan holda
“must” modal fe’li
majburiylik, burchlilik, shartlilik ma’nolarida
ko’chirma gapdan o’zlashtirma
gapga
“had to”
shaklida o’zgaradi:
Direct Speech:
Indirect Speech:
Jack told me: “You
must
finish
work” – Jek menga dedi: “Ishni
tugatishing shart”
Jack told me that I
had to
finish
work – Jek menga ishni tugatishim
shartligini aytdi
b)
Bosh gapninig kesimi o’tgan zamonda bo’lgan holda
“must” modal fe’li tahmin
va taqiq ma’nolarida
ko’chirma gapdan o’zlashtirma gapga o’zgarmasdan o’tadi:
Direct Speech:
Indirect Speech:
Jack told me: “You
musn’t
smoke” –
Jek menga dedi: “Sen chekmasliging
kerak”
Jack told me: “Nick
must
be rich” –
Jek menga dedi: “Nik boy bo’lsa
kerak”
Jack told me that I
musn’t
smoke in
the room – Jek menga xonada
chekishim mumkin emasligini aytdi
Jack told me that Nick
must
be rich
– Jek menga Nikni boy bo’lishi
mumkinligini aytdi
Rule 4:
Bosh gapning kesimi o’tgan zamonda bo’lgan holda ba’zi bir so’zlar
ko’chirma gapdan o’zlashtirma gapga quyidagicha o’zgargan holda o’tadi:
Direct Speech:
Indirect Speech:
Today
Yesterday
Tomorrow
Now
Here
This
These
Ago
2 days ago
In 2 days
That day
The day before, the last day
The following day, the next day
Then
There
That
Those
Before
2 days before
2 days later
§. 1) Darak gaplarni
ko’chirma gapdan oz’lashtirma gapga aylantirganimizda
bog’lovchi sifatida “that” olmoshi
qo’llanadi
va
bu bog’lovchini gapda tushirib
qoldirish ham mumkin:
Direct Speech:
Indirect Speech:
I said: “I
don’t
like tea” – men
dedim: “choyni yoqtirmayman”
Jack said: “My brother
has
a car”
I said
that
I
didn’t
like tea – men
choyni yoqtirmasligimni aytdim
Jack said
that
his brother
had
a car –
148
– Jek dedi: “Akamni mashinasi bor”
Jek akasini mashinasi borligini aytdi
2)Umumiy so’roq gaplarni
ko’chirma gapdan o’zlashtirma gapga aylantirganda,
bog’lovchi sifatida “if” “whether”
qo’llanadi va
gapda ularni tushirib qoldirish
mumkin emas. O’zlashtirma gaplarda, gapning ergash gap qismida so’roq gap
ishlatilishi mumkin emas:
Direct Speech:
Indirect Speech:
Jack asked me: “Do you
live
in
Karshi?” – Jek menga dedi:
“Qarshida yashaysizmi?”
You asked Jack: “
Are
you a
student?” – siz Jekdan so’radingiz:
“Talabamisan?”
Jack asked me
if
I
lived
in Karshi –
Jek meni Qarshida yashash
yashamasligimni so’radi
You asked Jack
if
he
was
a student –
siz Jekdan talabami yo’qmi so’zadingiz
3) Maxsus so’roq gaplarni
ko’chirma gapdan o’zlashtirma gapga aylantirsak,
bog’lovchi sifatida
so’roq olmoshlarining o’zi
qo’llanadi:
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