“SANOAT VA XIZMAT KO‘RSATISH SOHALARINING RAQAMLI TRANSFORMATSIYASI:
TENDENSIYALAR, BOSHQARUV, STRATEGIYALAR”
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With on-line surveys (CAWI), the respondent answers the questions of the questionnaire
online, and the protocol with the answers is automatically entered into the database. Research on
this technology is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, respondents are recruited who meet
the survey criteria. They are given the address of a special site on the Internet, as well as an
individual login and password to enter the system. At the second stage, during the period of the
survey and at a convenient time, the respondent visits this site and independently fills out the
questionnaire. In this case, the data is sent to the server, where the recording, control and
processing of information is carried out. This technique allows you to automatically track the
quality of filling out questionnaires, calculate quotas, the number of current and interrupted
interviews, and also measure their duration.
The possibilities of online technologies are much wider than traditional methods: they
save time, money and human resources, which makes these technologies quite effective,
especially in marketing research and electoral polls. Note that the use of online survey
technologies imposes the following technical requirements on researchers and respondents:
- stable internet connection;
- the research organization must have effective network software for conducting online
surveys; development of own programs requires additional costs for attracting qualified
programmers;
- availability of technology to attract respondents (including motivation) to participate in
an online survey. One of these methods is the Internet panels of the respondents.
The next point to which we would like to draw attention. On-line methods have a number
of significant drawbacks, which impose certain restrictions on the range of practically solved
tasks when collecting primary sociological information, and also do not allow their use
everywhere, replacing traditional and off-line surveys. Consider the main disadvantages and
limitations of sociological research via the Internet.
Lack of representativeness. The sample made up of social network users is not
representative in relation to the general population - the inhabitants of the study region as a
whole. The socio-demographic structure of Internet users is fundamentally different from the
structure of the population as a whole.
The spontaneity of the sample. As a rule, only interested persons answer the on-line
questionnaire - the most active and curious Internet users, i.e. samples of respondents are formed
by the "method of self-selection". This leads to large discrepancies between the sample and the
general population.
Lack of population data. In most cases, there are no reliable data on the socio-
demographic parameters of the general population - people who can potentially take part in the
survey. For example, information about the participants of a particular forum or chat, among
whom a questionnaire can be sent. There is a high probability of deliberate distortion of
information: all personal data (gender, age, education) the participant reports only if he considers
it necessary. The task of data verification is extremely difficult.
Let us consider another important circumstance in the case of using the technology of on-
line surveys to measure statistical indicators of the standard of living of the population. As a rule,
the information space of the Internet is characterized by free handling of facts, since the author
does not post information in full. This is due to two reasons: either the author does not have
comprehensive information (incompetence), or deliberately hides part of it from the consumer
(selection of information). Recall that information is facts that correspond to reality, the
existence of which can be confirmed by legal procedures using documents, witnesses, expert
opinions, etc., therefore, the selection and evaluation of facts is a necessary condition for
verifying the authenticity of an information message. Sources of information are:
- individuals, by virtue of their position and powers, who have certain information;
- real environment (natural, urban and material environment in which a person lives);
- virtual information environment;
- Documents and printed publications with imprint;
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