moisture profile can be obtained along the length of
the unit because of a very low degree of back-mixing.
In this type of drying system for S-PVC, wet PVC
cake is usually transported from the decanter centri-
fuge by a screw feeder to the product distributor of the
back-mixed fluid-bed section. It then flows through an
overflow weir into the plug-flow section where the final
drying takes place. Finally, the product is discharged
through the discharge weir arrangement.
The back-mixed section of the unit is provided
with heating panels; no heating panels are provided
in the plug-flow section, partly because the cost can-
not be justified and partly because of the tendency for
electrostatic deposits on the heating panel encoun-
tered with PVC at low moisture content to decrease
the heat transfer coefficient.
The contact fluidized bed provided with heating
panels appears to have proven to be superior to the
flash fluid-bed drying system from the point of view
of heat economy and overall savings. The contact
fluidizer does have a few limitations. First, it is man-
datory that the polymer material be readily fluidizable
at a moisture level well above the moisture level in the
back-mixed section to avoid defluidization of the bed
during upset conditions. Second, the centrifuge cake
should not be too sticky and have too much tendency
to form agglomerates of the individual polymer par-
ticles. In such a case, a flash dryer is better suited as
the predrying stage as better disintegration takes
place in the venturi section of a flash dryer than in a
back-mixed fluid bed.
Although a fluid bed as a second-stage dryer gives
accurate product temperature control while providing
adequate residence time, depending on the predryer
load, evaporative load in this stage may be small.
This results in a low airflow requirement and makes
fluidization more difficult. In such cases, a vibrat-
ing fluid-bed design is a better alternative. Here,
PVC is conveyed by vibration, permitting varying
gas speeds without affecting the conveying rate or
residence time. Also, with the low airflow rates of
the vibrating fluid bed, the fines pickup problem (nor-
mally associated with high gas flow rates) is minim-
ized and, as the vibration is at a low frequency, the
overall effect of the gas and vibration is to transport
the product gently, minimizing damage. The vibrat-
ing FBD must be among the most important but
underutilized dryer of all granular products.
During fluidization of PVC, electrostatic charges
arise of such magnitude that they affect the hydro-
dynamics of the system. This is disadvantageous for
transfer processes in the bed, e.g., for heat transfer
between the heating surface and the bed. This is a
difficult problem in a fluidized bed because of inten-
sive movement of particles and frequent interparticle
and particle–wall contact. Although charge gener-
ation cannot be prevented, one can limit its magni-
tude (and try to increase its dissipation) by changing
process conditions. One method is the addition of a
small portion of fines to the bulk; this results in the
splitting of agglomerates and disappearance of the
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