of law at that time was the great scholar from Tashkent Muhammad ibn Ali
ibn Ismail al-Kaffal ash-Shashi.
According to Hayruddin Zarkali, he was one of the most famous
scholars of his time in jurisprudence, hadith, dictionary and literature. His
work on usul al-fikh was well known. He died in Tashkent and his grave is
near the madrasa of Hastimam (Hazrati Imam).
The Arab scholar and bibliographer Ibn Khallikan (1211-1282) wrote
about Kaffal ash-Shashi in his book “Vafayat al-Ayan” (“The Death of
great men or News of the death of famous people and contemporaries”).
He wrote: “Kaffal ash-Shashi was a linguist and a poet who knew the
science of hadith. At that time, there was no scholar in Movarounnahr who
could match with him.
He traveled to Khorasan, Iraq, the Hijaz, Damascus
(Syria) and other countries and became famous everywhere ... he had many
works”14.
Kaffal ash-Shashi wrote works in such fields as law and logic. His
poems are in Arabic, He wrote works, such as known “Odob al-qazi” or
“Adab ul-qazi” (“ The etiquette of judges”), “Odob al-bahs” (“The etiquette
of debate”). In this regard, the above-mentioned Arab scholar Ibn Khallikan
writes: “It was Kaffal ash-Shashi who first jumped out of the lawyers and
wrote “Husni Jadal” (“The Beauty of Dialectics”)”.
The Arab historian Abu Sa’d Abdulkarim ibn Muhammad Samani
(1113-1167) gives the following information about the scholar in his book
“Al-Ansab” (“Nasabnama” - “The Genealogy”): “Abu
Bakr Muhammad
ibn Ali ibn Ismail, who was given the ratio of al-Kaffal - the profession of
locksmith, al-Kaffal ash-Shashi was from the family of Shash and was
famous for his locksmithing. He was the imam of his time and a unique
scholar in jurisprudence, hadith, usul al-fikh and linguistics. The name of
Kaffal ash-Shashi is spread to the West and the East”.
Sheikh Abu Is’haq
al-Sherazi writes, “There are so many works of
Imam Abu Bakr al-Kaffal ash-Shashi that no one has yet classified them.
He was the first jurist to write “al-Jadal al-Hasan” (“The Good debate”).
He is also known in the Islamic world for his books, such as “The Book of
14 “M a’naviyat yulduzlari”. O‘zR FA akademigi M.M.Xayrullayev mas’ul muharrirligida. - Toshkent, A.Qodiriy
nomidagi xalq merosi nashriyoti, 2001. - 85-bet.
fikh methods”, “The Commentary to the “Risala”, “The Evidences of
prophecy” and “The Beauty of the sharia”.
Sheikh Muhyiddin al-Navawi (1233-1277) states that if historical
sources is mentioned Kaffal Shashi, it means that the great Imam Abu Bakr
Kaffal Shashi
is mentioned, and if Kaffal Marvazi is mentioned, then it is
about the “Younger Kaffal” who lived later. The name Shashi (“Elder
Kaffal”) is mentioned repeatedly in the sciences of tafsir, hadith, usul al-
fikh, kalam. However, the name Marvazi (“Younger Kaffal”) is found only
in works related to fikh (“ Tahzib ul-Asma”, vol. 2, p. 556).
Shamsiddin Muhammad al-Zhahabi said about the scholar: “The
scholar who traveled the most of the time in Movarounnahr with the
knowledge of usul al-fikh and the demand for hadith was Kaffal Shashi ...
He was the imam of his time in Movarounnahr and the author of several
books.
Kaffal ash-Shashi was also a good
poet and wrote his poems in
Arabic. However, his poetry has not survived to the present day, only
fragments of his poems have survived in as-Subhi’s book, “Tabaqat al-
Shafiyya” (“Levels of the Shafi’i mazhab”). These poems contain the
following lines:
“Everyone who comes to my house, my table is always reserved for
him. Whoever eats anything from my table, (let him know) that all the
delicacies in it are found with the
skin of my forehead, (that is, be honest).
W e’ll put everything i n front of the guest. If we can’t find anything
to put, then we put vinegar with vegetables. Then, if there is a person who
is open-minded, he will agree to it; If he is stingy, then I can’t fix it”.
Based on the above historical data that have come down to us, it can
be said that the scientist was very productive
and seriously engaged in
creative work, as a result of which he wrote many works. Unfortunately,
many of them have not survived to our time. Currently, there are
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